Methotrexate (MTX) is used as anchor drug for patients with early and established rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Vitamin K2 administration was also reported to be associated with decreased disease activity in RA. We investigated the immunosuppressive pharmacodynamics of vitamin K2 combined with MTX on ...
GHB is also a naturally-occurring metabolite of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) found in the brain. The naturally-occurring metabolite GHB is present in much lower concentrations in the brain than those levels found when the drug is abused. As a result of ...
Collagen-induced arthritis induces the upregulation of GRK2 expression in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. In this review, we discussed the evidence for the association between altered GRK2 levels and various diseases, which suggests that GRK2 may be an effective drug target for preventing and treating...
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has concluded that menthol cigarettes are likely associated with greater risks of smoking dependence and thereby a greater public health threat than non-menthol cigarettes (Food and Drug Administration, 2013). Despite substantial data to support this conclusion, there...
While similar neurotoxicity has not been definitively shown in humans, the wealth of animal research on damaging properties suggests that the chemical is not a safe drug for human consumption.Hidden Risks and Contaminants:Other drugs chemically similar to ecstasy, such as MDA (methylenedioxyamphetamine...
Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 4: 633–642. Article CAS Google Scholar Fusar-Poli P, Crippa JA, Bhattacharyya S, Borgwardt SJ, Allen P, Martin-Santos R et al (2009). Distinct effects of {delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on neural activ. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66: 95–105...
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Nowadays new methods of drug delivery have also been developed for higher efficacy, selectivity and less toxicity. The growing interest in the wide pharmacological effects of C. yanhusuo led to a great deal of researches on its pharmacological mechanisms. Alkaloids, as the major bioactive components...
Phencyclidine (PCP) is a mind-altering drug that may lead to hallucinations (a profound distortion in a person’s perception of reality). It is considered a dissociative drug, leading to a distortion of sights, colors, sounds, self, and one's environment. PCP was developed in the 1950s ...
Rohypnol DEA Drug ScheduleRohypnol was placed into Schedule IV of the Controlled Substances Act in 1984. Schedule IV drugs are considered to have a lower abuse potential but can lead to physical or psychological dependence.However, the penalties associated with the possession, trafficking, and ...