Recently, effector proteins have been identified that autonomously translocate into host cells, representing a novel class of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) or effectors (CPEs). Moreover, autonomous cell penetration overcomes a major hurdle in pharmacology by transducing specific therapeutic agents to...
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN LOCALIZER: subcellular localization prediction of both plant and effector proteins in the plant cell received: 01 December 2016 accepted: 09 February 2017 Published: 16 March 2017 Jana Sperschneider1, Ann-Maree Catanzariti2, Kathleen DeBoer3, Benjamin ...
At least two forms of cell-autonomous immunity operate in higher organisms such as vertebrates: constitutive and inducible. The interferon (IFN) family of cytokines stimulates the inducible gene programme for mobilizing effector functions inside individual host cells. IFN-induced effector proteins operate...
2012,Trends in Plant Science Mini review Protein prenylation: A new mode of host–pathogen interaction 6Pathogenic bacterial proteins that are prenylated by the host cell machinery The primary goal of pathogenic bacteria when infecting their hosts is to replicate. Some bacteria interact with the ...
the NK cells, and this triggersdegranulationand killing of the target through a mechanism called antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, or ADCC[67]. The second mechanism involves degranulation induced by the ligation of several classes of receptor proteins on the surface of the NK cell, including...
signalingT celltonicT cells play important roles in autoimmune diseases and cancer. Following the cloning of the T cell receptor (TCR), the race was on to map signaling proteins that contributed to T cell activation downstream of the TCR as well as co锕晅imulatory molecules such as CD28. ...
Using a GST-SH2(Lyn) fusion protein to pull-down specific tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, reduced phosphorylation of FcεRIβ and Syk was observed, indicating early interference of FcεRI signaling by Ro5-4864. Though both FcεRIβ and Syk are known targets of Lyn, involvement of other ...
Nat. Cell Biol. 5, 921-927. Ponting, C.P. (1995) AF-6/cno: neither a kinesin nor a myosin, but a bit of both. Trends Biochem. Sci. 20, 265-266. Ponting, C.P. (1999) Raf-like Ras/Rap-binding domains in RGS12- and still-life-like signalling proteins. J. Mol. Med. 77...
MALT1 promotes signaling by acting as a scaffold, recruiting downstream signaling proteins, as well as by proteolytic cleavage of multiple substrates. However, the relative contributions of these two different activities to T and B cell function are not well understood. To investigate how MALT1 ...
The Wnt pathway has a central role in stem cell regulation. Gattinoni et al. now show that activation of the Wnt signaling cascade in naive CD8+ T cells blocks their differentiation into effector T cells and triggers instead a memory stem cell–like phen