The net reception number is equal to the difference between the in-degree and the out-degree. Full size image The average value of betweenness centrality of 31 provinces in 2020 is 2.20. Nine provinces have betweenness centrality higher than this average, namely, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Shandong, Hu...
climatic conditions has been found using interactions terms. The selection of these climate variables follows micro-level evidence for mechanisms related to the impacts of average temperatures on labour and agricultural productivity2, of temperature variability on agricultural productivity and health7, as w...
such as the 3-percentage-point increase in value-added tax, which rose from 12% to 15% since April, and the reestablishment of tax on currency outflows at 5%, among others. Consequently, Ecuador’s tax revenue in the first half of 2024 grew by 7%, compared to the same period the pre...
Modifying the inequality (3.2) we obtain(3.2)(τt−τs)Δu≥pt−ps+(τt−τs)[V(q)−c(q*)]where uh−ul=Δu and v(q*)=V(q). If technology t is more effective than technology s, the condition (3.2) can be rewritten as(3.3)Δu−v(q*)≥pt−psτt−τs−c...
s total employment. The agricultural sector’s productivity and output have improved steadily over the past two decades. As more people move out of agriculture and into services, Africa has opportunities to increase yields and add value to agricultural output to match the standards of global peers...
Because of varying economic systems, we attempted to engage participants from around the world to produce a more robust first attempt at this research approach, rather than only those in similar environments. This was important in terms of added value of this research because most biases used ...
shock spreading on the firm-level production network subsequent to the Great East Japan Earthquake 2011 has been estimated, using an Agent Based Model, to have caused value added reductions equivalent to 2.4% of GDP in the year after the earthquake, more than 100 times more than the immediate...
Hermeneutic theorising economic geography and clusters as a multiperspectival approach. "Urban Stud‑ ies" 41 (5/6), pp. 1011-1023.Benneworth P,Henry N.Where is the value added in the cluster ap-proach?Hermeneutic theorizing,economic geography and clusters asa multiperspectival approach....
Economic value added (EVA) is a measure of a company'sfinancial performancebased on the residual wealth calculated by deducting its cost of capital from its operating profit, adjusted for taxes on a cash basis. EVA can also be referred to aseconomic profit, as it attempts to capture the tru...
using their judgment to make educated guesses as to the best combinations of goods, prices, and quantities to buy and sell. Because amarket economyrewards those who guess better, through the mechanism of profits, entrepreneurs are in effect rewarded for moving the economy toward...