Breast ductal lavage (DL) has been promoted as a means of screening women with negative physical examinations and mammograms who are at high risk for breast cancer. Most breast cancer begins in the epithelial cells lining the interior of the breast milk ducts, and the Pro-Duct Catheter has be...
There are several difficulties in the evaluation of the intrinsic radiation effects on heart-related deaths. First of all, the confounding effects of chemotherapy is inevitable in breast cancer treatment. Cardiac dysfunctions caused by chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin, taxol, and trastuzumab ha...