The term "addictive" has for some time caused difficulty and in 1957 the Expert Committee on Addiction-Producing Drugs' felt that the "time was ripe for emphasizing again the distinction between addiction and habituation" and offered definitions of the two states. By 1964" the Expert Committee ...
and after much debate over whether the term "addiction" should be used versus "dependence," the word "dependence" was chosen by a margin of only asingle vote, mainly due to some of the committee members believing that the word "addiction" was pejorative. As a consequence, the diagnostic...
drugaddiction- anaddictionto adrug(especiallyanarcoticdrug) white plague narcotic- adrugthatproducesnumbnessorstupor;oftentakenforpleasureor toreducepain;extensiveusecanleadtoaddiction addiction,dependance,habituation,dependence,dependency-beingabnormallytoleranttoanddependentonsomethingthatispsychologicallyorphysicallyha...
54,55] and cocaine dependence [43,56] were probably due to different severity of alcohol dependence of the enroled patients. This is way higher dose are tested and often prescribed off-label for drug addiction [55]. Thus, self-poisoning that could lead to severe toxicity and ...
Further, many drugs that are traditionally used for the treatment of stress-related psychiatric conditions (e.g., antidepressants and benzodiazepines) are not commonly prescribed to treat addiction and, in many cases, are avoided even though they may be beneficial if used properly in the right ...
“withdrawal” syndrome. If the addict is abruptly deprived of a drug upon which the body has physical dependence, there will ensue a set of reactions, the intensity of which will depend on the amount and length of time that the drug has been used. If the addiction is to morphine or ...
Addiction also is different from physical dependence or tolerance. In cases of physical dependence, withdrawal symptoms happen when you suddenly stop a substance. Tolerance happens when a dose of a substance becomes less effective over time.
Is addiction primarily driven by excessive goal-directed choice under negative affect? Studies with laboratory animals This section will consider animal studies that test whether dependence vulnerability is due to greater expected drug value driving goal-directed drug seeking, particularly in negative states...
On drug dependence: Clinical appraisals of the predicaments of habituation and addiction to drugsLimentani, A
Similarly, human studies indicate that adolescents with a history of alcohol dependence perform poorly in memory tasks and have reduced brain volume in memory-related regions. EffectDescriptionCognitive ImpairmentLasting negative impact on memory, attention, and decision-making abilities.Reduced Brain Volume...