Fig. 2. Illustration of a dopaminergic synapse. DA (blue spheres) is packaged into vesicles in the presynaptic terminal via VMAT. Released DA stimulates post-synaptic D1-like and D2-like G-protein coupled receptors. Released DA is cleared from the synaptic cleft via the DAT or degraded via...
Through an unbiased search, we identify that two groups of antagonistic TGF-尾 family members, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)6/BMP2 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-尾2, regulate dopaminergic synapse development of nigrostriatal and mesolimbic neurons, respectively. Projection-preferential ...
In the last two decades, functional imaging methods such as positron (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have emerged as valuable tools to study the dopaminergic synapse in vivo. Investigations of dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) binding have ...
Since mitochondria play a critical role in proper synapse signaling and PD is directly linked to mitochondria dysfunction, we wanted to study altered properties of DA synaptic mitochondria in the early stage of PD. With triple staining of anti- TH, a fixable synaptic marker FM1-43fx and a ...
[43]), which should saturate postsynaptic D2 receptors that are preferentially localized within the synapse[44]. Most of the released dopamine is then rapidly removed from this spatially constrained compartment through reuptake into the terminal by the DAT before it can leave the synaptic cleft. ...
Synapse 50, 200–205 (2003). CAS PubMed Google Scholar Melis, M., Camarini, R., Ungless, M. A. & Bonci, A. Long-lasting potentiation of GABAergic synapses in dopamine neurons after a single in vivo ethanol exposure. J. Neurosci. 22, 2074–2082 (2002). CAS PubMed PubMed Central...
Dopamine has a significant role in motor and cognitive function. The dopaminergic pathways originating from the midbrain have received the most attention; however, the relevance of the cerebellar dopaminergic system is largely undiscovered. Here, we show
(DAT), which is the main clearance mechanism of DA at the synapse (Hyman et al, 2006). Ethanol can act directly on receptors and ion channels located on VTA DA neurons to increase cellular firing while simultaneously modulating GABAergic inputs onto VTA DA neurons (Brodie et al, 1990;...
[25]The subset of ventral tegmental area projection neurons that synapse onto the D1-type medium spiny neurons in the shell appear to be responsible for immediate drug reward(i.e., "wanting").[3][26][27]Addictive drugs have a larger effect on dopamine release in the shell than in the ...
Synapse 31: 154–162. Article CAS Google Scholar Groman SM, Morales AM, Lee B, London ED, Jentsch JD (2013). Methamphetamine-induced increases in putamen gray matter associate with inhibitory control. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 229: 527–538. Article CAS Google Scholar Hernandez-Lopez C (...