These vectors are similar to the expression plasmids in that viral or mammalian promoters regulate the transcription of the genetic sequence of interest. However, they incorporate viral sequences necessary for the packaging of the vector into infectious viral particles. These viral vectors also retain ...
Ch 9. Cell Growth & The Process of Cell... Ch 10. Nucleic Acids: DNA & RNA Ch 11. Requirements of Biological... Ch 12. The Transcription and Translation... Ch 13. Mendelian Genetics & Mechanisms of... Ch 14. Types & Effects of Genetic... Ch 15. DNA Technology and Genomics Ch ...
Transcription Firststepinmakingproteins Processoftakingonegene(DNA)and convertingintoamRNAstrand DNA->RNA Location: Nucleusofthecell StepstoTranscription 1.Anenzymeattachestothepromoter (startsignalregion)ofageneand unwindstheDNA StepstoTranscription(Cont.) 2.Onestrandactsasatemplate. StepstoTranscription(...
As transcription occurs, it does so, as stated, along a single strand of DNA. Be aware, however, that the entire DNA molecule does not uncoil and separate into complementary strands; this only happens in the direct vicinity of transcription. As a result, you can visualize a "transcription b...
Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) can use mRNA rather than DNA as the starting template, amplifying complementary DNA (cDNA). The enzyme reverse transcriptase synthesizes a DNA chain on an RNA template, and DNA polymerase converts the single-stranded DNA molecules into double-stranded DNA molecul...
The former replicates a DNA template strand into a complementary DNA strand, a process known as replication that is needed for cell division. The latter transfers the information of a DNA template into an RNA transcript in the so-called transcription process. The product of replication is a ...
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can be caused by environmental agents such as radiation and drugs1,2,3and endogenous metabolism such as transcription and replication stress4,5. For example, normal metabolism has been estimated to cause ~1–50 DSBs per human cell per day6,7. Consequently, fas...
Positive supercoiling is generated ahead of replication and transcription machinery as they progress along the DNA template42,43,44. Nucleosomes in chromatin limit the intertwining of the newly replicated daughter duplexes behind the polymerase during replication, driving the supercoiling to partition pri...
3.3A). Apparent coordination between the rates of transcription and DNA relaxation suggests that topoisomerase activity is essential not only to remove topological obstacles to transcription but also to preserve negative supercoiling within gene regulatory regions, suggesting the interconnection between DNA ...
(Guo et al., 2010), where DNA binding technology plays an important role in effective delivery, such as protection ofnucleic acidfrom degradation bynucleasesand release of the nucleic acid in a functional form (Han et al., 2007).Fig. 13presents a schematic diagram of a simple process of ...