2 Transcription: DNA to messenger RNA. DNA, the blueprint of life, is copied into messenger RNA by a process called transcription. We can still think of this as a copying process. However, molecules called ‘transcription factors’ have a powerful impact on this stage of DNA expression. 3 ...
Another group ofgene transfer vectorsis the viral vector. These vectors are similar to the expression plasmids in that viral or mammalian promoters regulate the transcription of the genetic sequence of interest. However, they incorporate viral sequences necessary for the packaging of the vector into ...
3c) and a concomitant increase in the transcription of the MERVL retrotransposon (Extended Data Fig. 4c), a marker of 2CLCs and 2-cell-stage embryos. The 2CLCs induced upon Usp7 knockdown displayed typical 2CLC features, such as ZSCAN4 expression, downregulation of OCT4 (POU5F1), ...
The former replicates a DNA template strand into a complementary DNA strand, a process known as replication that is needed for cell division. The latter transfers the information of a DNA template into an RNA transcript in the so-called transcription process. The product of replication is a ...
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can be caused by environmental agents such as radiation and drugs1,2,3and endogenous metabolism such as transcription and replication stress4,5. For example, normal metabolism has been estimated to cause ~1–50 DSBs per human cell per day6,7. Consequently, fas...
“Responsible Conduct of Research”—a required class for first-year PhD students at Caltech. They told me that “it is a question of how you want to spend your time” and “a lot of the scientific literature has problems […], science is an imperfect process”. What was an aspiring ...
transcription both occur within active chromatin compartments, raising the pivotal question of how these processes are spatially and temporally coordinated to avoid replication-transcription collisions and subsequent DNA damage [6,7,8,9]. Previous studies suggest that transcription might affect DNA ...
REPs (Repetitive Extragenic Palindromes) are small (20–40 bp) palindromic repeats found in high copies in some prokaryotic genomes, hypothesized to play a role in DNA supercoiling, transcription termination, mRNA stabilization. We have monitored a large
DNAReplication 1)Semi-conservativemechanism（半保留机制）2）Replicons(复制子),origins（复制起点）,andtermini（复制终点）3）Semi-discontinuousreplication（半不连续复制）4）RNApriming（引导）Thecharacteristicofreplication:Semi-conservativeSemi-discontinuous Semi-conservativemechanism:Duringreplication,thestrandsofthe...
REPs (Repetitive Extragenic Palindromes) are small (20–40 bp) palindromic repeats found in high copies in some prokaryotic genomes, hypothesized to play a role in DNA supercoiling, transcription termination, mRNA stabilization. We have monitored a large