Participants with a history of mental disorders were identified on the basis of having an inpatient diagnosis of a mental disorder (ICD-10: F00-F99, ICD-9: 290–319) prior to the initial assessment or reporting at the initial assessment any physician diagnosis of a psychological/psychiatric ...
In paranoid schizophrenia, there is delusional thinking usually in terms of persecution. Patients may believe that people are trying to harm them; for example, that the police are spying on them or that some unknown mechanism is controlling their minds. Paranoid schizophrenics may react to these...
Microglia secrete chemokines that disrupt the integrity of the BBB and increase the ability of immune cells to enter the brain parenchyma.231 The stress response is a complex array of behavioral, neuroendocrine, autonomic, and immunological responses that enable adaptation to unpleasant psychological and...
with a minimum of 10 patients in the study. Participants must have a current diagnosis of Alcohol Use Disorder and/or Major Depressive Disorder, which must be diagnosed by a psychiatrist, or a structured clinical interview based on the Diagnostic...
Children of narcissists who don’t become one themselves often have a common coping mechanism to deal with this: capitulation and sublimation (perhaps not the healthiest but effective). Give the narcissist what they want and then move on. It’s the p...
Meanwhile, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis serves as a regulatory hub for the human neuroendocrine immune network, which can interact with monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain. In clinical studies, HPA axis dysregulation is also a common feature of patients with depression [8]. ...
Pathological narcissism is a defense mechanism intended to deflect hurt and trauma from the victim's "True Self" into a "False Self" which is omnipotent, invulnerable, and omniscient. The narcissist uses the False Self to regulate his or her labile sense of self-worth by extracting from his ...
Furthermore, it remains to be confirmed whether different types of traumas share a common mechanism of action. Methods For this study, we screened the eligible data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, obtained differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through analysis, conducted ...
Several studies suggested that inflammatory cytokines play a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD [43]. Other studies highlighted the potential involvement of immune inflammatory processes in the aetiology and development of bipolar disorder and demonstrated an increased risk of suicide in patients with ...
(DSM-IV, ICD-9, or ICD-10) for a lifetime diagnosis of BD. In most cohorts, controls were randomly selected from the population to screen the absence of lifelong psychosis. To control test statistic inflation at SNPs with low minor allele frequency (MAF) in small cohorts, SNPs were ...