Crohn's disease that affects the ileum may result in an increased risk of gallstones. This is due to a decrease in bile acid resorption in the ileum, and the bile gets excreted in the stool. As a result, the cholesterol/bile ratio increases in the gallbladder, resulting in an increased...
such as a chemical that is atoxicagent. In this case the disease is noncommunicable; that is, it affects only the individual organism exposed to it. The external agent may be itself a living organism capable of multiplying within the host and subsequently infecting other organisms; in this cas...
Diabetes is a disease that affects multiple organ systems. The risk factors are multifactorial, thus standard practice guidelines advise us to use multiple strategies to prevent or halt disease progression, such as lifestyle changes (including physical activities, dietary measures, and smoking cessation...
In recent years, it has been revealed that Parkinson’s disease pathology may begin to manifest in the gastrointestinal track at a much earlier time point than in the brain. This paradigm shift has been suggested following evidence in humans that has been reproduced in animal models. Since roden...
A single miRNA-mRNA interaction affects the immune response in a context- and cell-type-specific manner. Immunity 43, 52–64 (2015). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar O’Connell, R. M., Chaudhuri, A. A., Rao, D. S. & Baltimore, D. Inositol phosphatase SHIP1 is a...
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) (OMIM 263200) is an often severe disorder that affects 1 in 20,000 live births.1 It is a complex disease that presents with a wide range of clinical manifestations including enlarged echogenic kidneys primarily due to dilation of collecting duct...
Weakness - Typically affects proximal muscle groups Edema Dyspnea Frequent bowel movements Workup in hyperthyroidism Elevation of free thyroxine (T4) and low to undetectable thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are diagnostic of thyrotoxicosis; in earlier stages, triiodothyronine (T3) rise prece...
Variation in normal range thyroid function affects serum cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes risk: a mendelian randomization study. Thyroid 31, 721–731 (2021). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Wang, X. et al. Causal association between serum thyrotropin and obesity: a ...
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology that impacts a wide range of organ systems, most commonly the lungs. OSA frequently occurs in patients with sarcoidosis and may be the result of granulomatous inflammation of the upper airway tract (involved in 5% of sarcoidosis cases [150...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects behavior, thinking, learning, and memory in elderly individuals. AD occurs in two forms, early onset familial and late-onset sporadic; genetic mutations in PS1, PS2, and APP genes cause early onset familial AD, ...