Plants interact simultaneously with both mutualists and antagonists. While webs of plant–animal interactions in natural systems can be highly complex, most interactions can be simplified into those that are either direct (mediated through pairwise interactions) or indirect (mediated through third-party ...
techniques should be tuned to the specific ecological and social risks associated with direct and indirect fire impacts, both considering the spatial distribution of risks and the timing of degradation process. The actions should be framed by the long-term management objectives defined for the burned...
Fig. 1. Scheme describing the corona processes for ozone generation. Ozone being the powerful oxidants (2.07 V) can degrade organic pollutants using two mechanisms: (1) direct electrophilic attack by molecular ozone; (2) indirect attack by OH• radicals produced through the ozone decomposition pr...
A growing body of molecular evidence shows that Symbiodiniaceae possess functional sexual machinery, and thus suggests that these key coral reef symbionts can reproduce sexually. Indirect evidence for sexual reproduction in this group includes: (i) the existence of a sufficient inventory of essential...
Direct air capture is a promising negative emission technology, but energy and material demands lead to trade-offs with indirect emissions and other environmental impacts. Here, we show by life-cycle assessment that the commercial direct air capture plants in Hinwil and Hellisheiði operated by ...
light or elevated CO2provided direct physiological benefits for seagrasses, such benefits were likely negated by overgrowth of epiphytic algae when greater light and CO2were combined. This result demonstrates how indirect ecological effects from epiphytes can modify independent physiological predictions for ...
However, there is scattered evidence elsewhere in the literature suggesting that EBF emission might serve as an indirect defense by attracting aphid predators.Background Volatile compounds emitted from plants have been shown to play a variety of roles in protection against herbivores, serving as both ...
There is a very high degree of evolutionary conservation found in the nucleolin protein from species ranging from animals to plants to yeast [21]. The protein can be divided into three structural/functional domains: multiple acidic stretches in the N-terminus; multiple RNA recognition motifs (RRMs...
67 However, there are two problems with the use of a competition assay: 1) determination of the dissociation constant is indirect since displacement of the reporter is being measured, and 2) it is not known whether these probes have an effect on competitor ligand binding. For example, LdisP...
Indirect raw materials are not part of the final product but are instead used comprehensively in the production process. Indirect raw materials will be recorded as long-term assets. They can fall under several categories within long-term assets, includingselling, general, and administrative(SG&A) or...