indirect effecthorizontal effectMember State liabilityincidental effectindividual rightsprimacy of EU lawABSTRACTOxford Handbook of European Union LawLeczykiewicz, DorotaLeczykiewicz, D. (2015). Effectiveness of EU Law before National Courts: Direct Effect, Effective Judicial Protection, and State Liability...
indirect effecthorizontal effectMember State liabilityincidental effectindividual rightsprimacy of EU lawThe purpose of the article is to discuss the impact of vesting the Charter of Fundamental Rights with a formally biding force on the Internal Market obligations of the Member States. More specifically...
They note that the said ruling created a significant impact on the EU case law on non-discrimination and the general principles of EU law as a whole. Furthermore, they mention that it will offer new insights about the applicability of the general principles on other disputes between private ...
Establishing a Constitutional Practice: The Role of the European Law Associations While the European Court of Justice (ECJ) is widely regarded as one of the key institutions of the European Union (EU) today, its central position was far from obvious to observers when the treaty founding the Eur...
1 In these laws and throughout this text, a substance is considered a pollutant if it has been perceived to have an adverse effect on human health. In recent years, increasing numbers of substances appear to pose such threats; the Clean Air Act listed seven hazardous substances between 1970 ...
The electricity sector in most EU member states have been characterized by reforms which had the effect of transitioning from state-driven monopolies to liberalized market places. Although all EU countries are bound to abide by thecompetition laws, Malta benefits from the derogations in directive 200...
under the draft law means a person (natural or legal) established out of the EU or a legal person whose registered office is in the EU, but the control over it is exercised directly or indirectly by a person out of the EU (natural person, legal entity or other form of organization). ...
China has made new efforts to improve the investment environment and issued a new foreign investment law in 2019, further protecting the interests of foreign companies in the country. Given China’s ongoing,comparatively low FDI intensity,the country has the potential to attract much more foreign ...
direct effectWTOEU1. Introduction. – 2. The "traditional case law" of the ECJ regarding the direct effect of international agreements in the EC/EU. – 3. Recent evolution in ECJ cdoi:10.2139/ssrn.2707014claudio dordiSocial Science Electronic Publishing...
The term abuse is defined as intentional nontherapeutic use of a drug to achieve a desirable psychological or physiological effect, whereas misuse refers to unintentional or inappropriate therapeutic use of a drug product (Food and Drug Administration, 2015). ...