The direct and inverse variation formulas both have the same three components. The letters x and y are the variables. The letter k is the constant of proportionality. The formula for direct variation is y =kx. The formula for indirect variation is y =k\x.Create...
15,16,17. Rice was the focus of some of these studies and is known to be inducible by herbivore feeding and by application of hormones14,15,16,17. This wealth of prior research with rice suggests that this crop is an appropriate system with which to explore the importance of indirect eff...
We find that the indirect effect can be either positive or negative, and in all industries is energy using. The net impact of environmental regulations on total factor productivity growth is fairly small, given that these are the most polluting industries. They account for about 10–30% of ...
Several previous papers report a significant negative correlation between these two variables, but it is not well established whether the effect of culture on this form of violent crime is direct or indirect. We estimate a structural equation model that includes: (a) the possibility that either ...
To test direct and indirect effects of glomalin, mycorrhizal hyphae, and roots on aggregate stability, perspex pots separated by 37-mm nylon mesh in the middle were used to form root-free hyphae and root/hyphae chambers, where trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings were colonized by ...
(Cole and Bayfield, 1993; Brunbjerg et al., 2014). The disentangling of direct and indirect effects of rock climbing and abiotic factors may be facilitated by the use of structural equation modelling. Furthermore, direct measures of human impacts, comparable to the recording of human damage in...
Our simulations show that herbicide depositions can have effects on non-target plant communities resulting from direct and indirect effects on population level. The effect extent depends not only on the distance to the field, but also on the specific plant community, its disturbance regime (cutting...
given variables are in direct or indirect proportion.(a) The quantity of rice and cost (b) The number of book and cost(c) The number of workers and the time taken to finish a certain work(d) The number of days worked and the quantity of work(e)Interest on money and the amount ...
The indirect effect of economic inequality is greater than the direct effect. Finally, there was no variation in the effects of extra-legal variables between those models which controlled for system level data and those which did not. 展开 ...
related reductions in fish biomass.These results indicate that variation in fish assemblages can best be understood by measuring or predicting bed movement, because bed disturbance is likely to encompass more effectively major factors that influence stream fish, such as habitat availability and food ...