In fact, not much is known about functions of HDACs specifically in myeloid development, as global depletion of class I HDAC genes results in early lethality [108–110], emphasizing their broad functions in the genome. However, at least some specificity can be assumed because conditional knock...
In the dedifferentiation process, cells that have lost the capacity to divide regain it under specific circumstances. The redifferentiation process, on the other hand, causes the cells to divide and create cells that lose their ability to divide once more but develop to carry out particular duties...
The processing of engulfed dying cells requires LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) and promotes an anti-inflammatory response. Upon engulfment of dying cells, components of the LAP pathway are recruited to dead cell-containing phagosome (or LAPosome). The class III PI3 K complex, comprised of Becli...
bortezomib treatment increases the levels of immunostimulatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, IL-15) in lymphocytes, stabilizes their receptors, and increases their effector function against tumor cells [168]. Bortezomib was also shown to decrease expression of HLA class 1 molecules...
TGFβ plays an important role in Treg differentiation [142]. It induces phosphorylation of Smad3, which stimulatesFoxp3transcription by binding to the transcription control elements ofFoxp3[143]. Treg differentiation is also mediated by IL-2/IL-2R, as IL-2 signaling pathway has been associated...
Cell division regulates the T cell cytokine repertoire, revealing a mechanism underlying immune class regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95:9488–93. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Ziegler SF, Ramsdell F, Alderson MR. The activation antigen CD69. Stem Cells. 1994...
(this study), this polymorphism shows clear evidence of balancing selection at the molecular level, in particular within the O null-allele class [8,10]. Interestingly, only 0.02% of the genetic variance is accounted for by differences among populations within the O alleles [8], which is less...
A more careful treatment is needed to further analyze this class. Finally, exploiting the cellular resolution, we removed gene-gene relationships caused by certain secondary effects. Specifically, we considered the six known cell-cell signaling events that regulate cell fate differentiation (P2-to-ABp...
Regarding additional factors during terminal differentiation, IGF-1 promotes cell fusion and terminal myogenesis inMYOD+ myocytes, the first postmitotic cells. The addition of dexamethasone, a synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class, also plays a role in the terminal differentiation by inducing the...
(BCL6that also helps identify potential cases with +3,MALT1looking for rearrangements or potential +18, and CEP12 to look for +12). The latter probes were chosen because an important differential diagnosis for follicular lymphomas is marginal zone lymphomas with follicular colonization, and both ...