Differences between PCM, ECM, and TCMPCM (Powertrain Control Module): The PCM is the central unit that combines both the ECM and TCM. It oversees and integrates the functions of both the engine and the transmission for optimal performance and efficiency. ECM (Engine Control Module): The ECM...
The main difference between PCM, ECM/ECU, and TCM is their scope of control in a vehicle: PCM is the most comprehensive, controlling multiple systems; ECM/ECU focuses on engine management; and TCM specifically manages the automatic transmission. Before vehicle computers were invented, cars and tr...
Based on Granger Causal test and ADF test,a VAR model was developed and the impulse response function and variance decomposition method were employed for quantitative study of the relationships between the industrial output,industrial wastewater effluent,and technical efficiency of industrial water utilizati...
A comparison of integrated atomic charges between partitions of the PCM molecules in the single and co-crystal found that the hydroxyl and amide groups were involved in greater hydrogen bonding in the co-crystal, resulting in a charge redistribution across the molecule evidenced by a larger ...
The objective of this work was to evaluate the normalized difference water index (NDWI) based on Sentinel-2 imagery as a tool for monitoring pasture seasonal dynamics and inter-annual variability in a Mediterranean agro-silvo-pastoral system. Forty-one valid NDWI records were used between January ...