Such a situation is called ER stress and is dealt with by the cell through the activation of an adaptive mechanism named the Unfolded Protein Response [1] which primarily aims at restoring ER homeostasis. If this succeeds, then the UPR is turned off and normal cellular functions are resumed....
This is what life had deteriorated into for the 58-year-old man from Somerset, N.J. Thirteen years earlier, doctors had diagnosed the former postal worker with congestive heart failure and cardiomyopathy. But what began as a simple shortness of breath now threatened to kill him. Nearly every...
Senile cataract (also called age-related cataract), a typical senescence-associated ocular disease, is the primary cause of blindness worldwide. Senile cataract usually occurs in elderly people over 50 years of age and is the result of gradual opacification of the lens, an important part of the...
Even a venipuncture (say, for tissue typing) could be conceived of as shpikhut damim, a spilling of blood with nefarious intent. In secular medical practice, however, problems of this sort are unlikely to arise. Much more important is the conceptual challenge presented by the beating-heart ...
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Mitochondria are the centers of energy and material metabolism, and they also serve as the storage and dispatch hubs of metal ions. Damage to mitochondrial structure and function can cause abnormal levels and distribution of metal ions, leading to cell d
In animal experiments, 3 parts per million has been found to inhibit an essential enzyme in heart muscle; only 5 parts per million has brought about necrosis or disintegration of liver cells; only 2.5 parts per million of the closely related chemicals dieldrin and chlordane did the same. This...
Autophagy and Autophagic Cell Death in the Heart To explain how autophagy can kill cells under some conditions, we will first describe the physiological function of autophagy and its molecular machinery. Autophagy is an essential catabolic process that is highly conserved in eukaryotes. The autophagy ...
of ferrous iron) can react with oxygen and produce ROS, such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, which are related to lipid peroxidation and tissue damage induced through the Fenton reaction. Fe3+is transferred into cells through the membrane protein TFR1 [25,26]. Ferritin is an iron...
CNN: What is aging? How does it lead to death? Venki Ramakrishnan:Aging is an accumulation of chemical damage to the molecules inside our cells, which damages the cells themselves, and therefore the tissue, and then eventually us as an organism. Surprisingly, we start aging when we’re in...