Swarming is a form of collective bacterial motion enabled by flagella on the surface of semi-solid media. Swarming populations exhibit non-genetic or adaptive resistance to antibiotics, despite sustaining considerable cell death. Here, we show that antib
Under ER stress, CHOP down-regulates the expression of BCL-2, sensitizing cells to apoptosis [29]. Additionally, the up-regulation of some pro-apoptotic components of the BCL-2 family, known as BH3-only proteins, is observed (see below). BIM levels are induced under ER stress conditions ...
The term stress has been used to describe the effect of sublethal treatments on the microbial cells (Bray, 1979; Wu, 2008; Wesche et al, 2009). Traditionally stress is measured by the difference in recovery on non-selective and selective media. ...
Image analysis methods and apparatus are used for distinguishing live and dead cells. The methods may involve segmenting an image to identify the region(s) occupied by one or more c
The fusion and GFP alone were further ligated to a vector with a 35S promoter to drive its expression. In the meantime, two fluorescent marker proteins including MADS3 targeted to the nucleus and AtDCP1 to the cytoplasm were obtained. The vectors were transferred into the leaf cells of ...
However, the immunogenicity of hESC-RPE cells [13] has been less confirmed, and not much is known about the death and clearance modalities of such cells. To date, several different types of cell death have been observed in the retina, such as apoptosis, anoikis, or autophagy-associated ...
Proteolytic enzymatic activity can target and degrade essential proteins that could lead to death of cells, tissues, organs and even the whole organism. Thus, proteases could provide an important protective layer for defending germinating seeds from soil pathogen. Besides the potential of combating ...
which can identify all detectable metabolites in a biological system [5]. It is used to reveal endogenous metabolite changes that are caused by environment stress, disease process, or gene function [6]. Several metabolomes have been generated to study the developmental changes for the hemolymph of...
stress conditions; on the contrary, the expression levels of all of these genes were lower in AtRH17 OXs than WT (Figure 8), indicating that AtRH17 might function as a negative regulator of expression of those genes, and that the salt-stress tolerance of AtRH17 OXs might be mediated by...
All fieldsTitleAbstractKeywordsAuthorsAffiliationsDoiFull TextReferences Open AccessArticle by James Godwin , Buzi Raviv and Gideon Grafi * French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben...