The use of VAR models to estimate the magnitude of crowding-in and crowding-out effects associated with these two components of investment has not been robust. So, we opted for the use of ADL models to estimate the behavioral equations of four variables: output, private investment, public ...
[Public Spending and Private Investment: Test of Crowding-out Effects through Re-sampling] The purpose of this research is to test and evaluate the crowding-out effect of the investment expenditure in public sector on the investment effort by pri... HB Ghassan - 《Mpra Paper》 被引量: 11发...
The MQI is also higher on average for volunteers who would increase their work effort in case other volunteers decrease their work (crowding-out effect). Furthermore, the MQI exhibits a positive correlation with volunteer satisfaction, labour supply, and volunteers' confidence that they meet the ...
You can shirk it by simply throwing your mind open and letting the ready-made phrases come crowding in. 你只要敞开你的头脑让那些现成的短语涌入就可避开这个麻烦。 article.yeeyan.org 8. So many children were crowding in that I could hardly push my way out. 许多孩子正在往里挤,我几乎挤不出去...
Furthermore, the empirical analysis of FDI supports the crowding-in and crowding-out effects of regional internal investment, and it reveals that FDI has a crowding-in effect on regional economic development, i.e., each unit of FDI brings 2.4241 units of domestic investment....
Since the reform and opening up, FDI has made a significant contribution to China's economic development; however, the crowding-out phenomenon appears inevitably in some districts and industries where FDI enters intensively. Confronted with the new environment of foreign capital use after the ...
I first explain why public redistribution typically crowds out private insurance in the two-income economy, and identify the role of income persistence and saving after default. Second, I show how, in endowment economies with three income states or more and in economies with capital, redistributive...
Reil-Held, A. Crowding out or crowding in? Public and private transfers in Germany.Eur J Population22, 263–280 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-006-9001-x Download citation Received11 April 2006 Accepted28 June 2006 Published17 November 2006 ...
in the private production function,and increasing public investment can crowd out private investment equally;on the other hand,public capital has positive externality,which can enhance productivity of private production factors,consequently "crowds in" private investment.Empirically test shows public ...
The empirical findings of the paper showed that government current transfer spending, government current spending, and government interest spending crowdout private investment, whereas government capital spending crowds-in private investment in Turkey. 展开 关键词: Government spending crowding-out crowding-...