The cranial nerves involved in ocular movement (oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens) may be affected by congenital, traumatic, infectious, ischemic, and compressive processes. Whereas acute cranial nerve palsies often present in dramatic fashion, more longstanding causes may have a subtle presentation, ...
Excerpt. Thetrochlear nerveis the fourth cranial nerve (CN IV) and one of the ocular motor nerves that controls eye movement. The trochlear nerve, while the smallest of the cranial nerves, has the longest intracranial course as it is the only nerve to have a dorsal exit from the brainstem....
XVagalMovement and sensation of palate, pharynx, gag reflex, guttural sounds XISpinal accessoryStrength of sternocleidomastoids and trapezius muscles XIIHypoglossalTongue protrusion and lateral movements Table 1. The 12 Cranial Nerves and Their Basic Functions ...
If any of the 12 cranial nerves are damaged, cranial neuropathy occurs. There are two specific types of neuropathies: optic neuropathy and auditory neuropathy. As the name suggests, when the optic nerve (which transmits the visual signal from the retina to the brain) is damaged, it is known...
The exception to this are the special visceral efferent nerves, sometime described as branchial efferent (BE). These are motor nerves, named for the embryological origin of the fibres. Information of movement and position (proprioception) from somatic structures like muscles, tendons, and joints is...
Ocular mobility is an important feature of the eyes that help individuals collect as much visual input as possible. Movement of the eyes is carried out by the six extraocular muscles. They allow the eyes to move in the two principal planes and also about the visual axis. The nerve sup...
nerves – Special sensory afferents CN I Olfactory Nerve • Olfaction • Memory and Behavior • Pheromones • Anterior olfactory nucleus • Amydala • Piriform cortex • Enthorhinal cortex CN II Optic Nerve • Vision • Intraocular movement (+ III) • Blinking (+ V & VII) ...
Two novel CHN1 variants identified in Duane retraction syndrome pedigrees disrupt development of ocular motor nerves in zebrafish Article 18 October 2023 Congenital focal abnormalities of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium Article 04 May 2020 Novel variants in TUBA1A cause congenital fibrosis...
This review article will focus on the contribution of current imaging techniques in the depiction of normal anatomy and on infectious and inflammatory, traumatic and congenital pathology affecting the cranial nerves. A detailed discussion of individual cranial nerves lesions is beyond the scope of this...
Schematic drawing of the optic and oculomotors nerves Full size image III cranial nerve - Oculomotor nerve The oculomotor nerve has a somatic motor function of most ocular estrinsic muscles (inferior, superior, middle rectus, inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae superior muscles) and a parasympa...