of a mathematically precise universal language for the expression of arbitrary statements ( characteristica universalis ) is related to the development of a sufficiently general concept of calculus ( calculus ratiocinator ), in which scientific problems can be decided in a purely formal, algorithmic ...
Economic deliberations are slow, effortful and intentional searches for solutions to difficult economic problems. Although such deliberations are critical for making sound decisions, the underlying reasoning strategies and neurobiological substrates rema
Obviously, we don’t write software to directly manipulate all relays, instead, we deal with tower of “abstraction”, transistors form logical gates, logical gates form processor, the processor works with machine code, machine code is generated by programmes typically from high-level languages, ...
1、One of the main problems we face in software development iscomplexity. ─── 在软件开发中我们面对的一个主要问题是复杂度。 2、Then they began to spring up in an increasing numbers andcomplexityeach year. ─── 之后,每年都冒出来更多、更复杂的谷圈。 3、Signal generation and handling in p...
It is often hard to tell whether something that is apparently complex possesses a great deal of effective complexity or reflects instead underlying simplicity combined with a certain amount of logical depth. Faced with a diagram of Mandelbrot’s famous fractal set, for example, we may attribute ...
For instance, the Theory of the Second Best (see Section 5.7.1) demonstrated this in close logical and theoretical connection to the neoclassical core model. If the “perfect state” is not available—for instance, because one of the many required strict assumptions, e.g., perfect information...
A second research line has focused on studying the complexity and not on integration of the neural correlates of deduction. Logical complexity is the number of occurrences of logical operators in a cognitive task, while the relational complexity is the number of variables or memory load of that ...
Given theenormouscomplexityofthe problems all societies have to face, particularly globalization, and unbearable inequalities [...] unesdoc.unesco.org unesdoc.unesco.org 鉴于当今各社会面临着极其复杂的种种问题,尤其是全球化,国家之间和各国 内部存在的难以容忍的不平等现象,二十一世纪国际教育委员会提出的学会...
K. R. Popper, (1959).The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Hutchinson & Co. Ltd. J. R. Quinlan, (1986). Induction of decision trees.Machine Learning, 1:81–106. Google Scholar J. R. Quinlan, (1990). Learning logical definitions from relations.Machine Learning, 5(3):239–266. ...
All attempts to classify the complexity of these problems in terms of the previously studied complexity classes have failed. We also obtain completeness results in the Turing model for the corresponding discrete problems. In this setting, it turns out that infinitesimal and generic quantifiers can be...