such as when the teacher spends time teaching each one separately. Some universities sort students intocohortsbased on the year they first enrolled in order to better track graduation rates. The term can also be
We aim to estimate school value-added dynamically in time. Our principal motivation for doing so is to establish school effectiveness persistence while taking into account the temporal dependence that typically exists in school performance from one year to the next. We propose two methods of ...
The peak year in cigarette sales suggests that Germany will fall between the United States and France in the size of the disparities. The variation across countries in timing of the epidemic suggests another component of the diffusion process: The rate of change in the cycle may be faster for...
Seven-year patterns in US cigar use epidemiology among young adults aged 18-25 years: a focus on race/ethnicity and brand. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(10):1955-1962. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300209 PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 18. Xie W, Kathuria H, Galiatsa...
BMI, age, frequency of antibiotics consumption in the last year, M01A, A06, and A02BC consumption in the last 3 months, gut emptying frequency, and stool characteristics (Bristol stool scale) were included as potential confounders in our analyses. Five women did not record data for age, 9 ...
There was no interaction between year of study at university and any outcome variable, and nor were there any differences between the four year groups at any time point for any variable (supplementary data 2). 3.3. Associations between changes in physical activity, sedentary behaviour, mental ...
This case–control study analyzed the gut microbiome in women with and without endometriosis to identify microbial targets involved in the disease. Methods A subsample of 1000 women from the Estonian Microbiome cohort, including 136 women with endometriosis and 864 control women, was analyzed. ...
Depression, anxiety and loneliness are common among older patients. As a potential psychological buffer against these challenges, meaning in life (MIL) remains underexplored in longitudinal studies within this population. This study aims to examine the longitudinal relationship of MIL with depression, anx...
Data come from the 2021–2022 wave of the Bachpan birth cohort (6-year-old children, n = 814 mother-child dyads) in rural Pakistan. Multivariable regressions were used to estimate the association between COVID illness/death among family/friend/community members and basic needs stressors (...
Number (%) of Different Antipsychotics A Woman Was Exposed to in The Year Prior To Pregnancy Among Women Exposed to Antipsychotics During Pregnancy (Based on >=1 Dispensing), Separately For MAX and MarketScan Cohort eTable 8. Most Common Co-occurring Neurodevelopmental Disorders Among Children With...