The risk factors for stage 3 or stage 4 CKD were defined by ICD-9/-10 codes. If eGFR measurements are available, the models can be applied to estimate the risk of the clinical outcomes by matching the eGFR value with the respective CKD stage and setting it as yes/no in the models ...
Individuals with CKD experience substantial morbidity and mortality, including disproportionate rates of hospitalization, cardiovascular disease, mineral and bone disorders, anemia, metabolic acidosis, malnutrition, acute kidney injury, psychiatric illnesses, and reduced quality of life.2, 3, 4, 5, 6 In...
• Separate guidelines for the COMBINATION of CKD and other conditions or common comorbidities such as anemia (iron deficiency), diabetes (types 1 and 2), obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high triglycerides, stress and many more. Hundreds of other conditions to cho...
10. Anabolic hormone replacement is controversial and has not been routinely used for adult CKD and ESRD patients. 11. Current recommendation is to supplement 25(OH)-vitamin D for CKD and ESRD patients with suboptimal vitamin D status. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of ...