The risk factors for stage 3 or stage 4 CKD were defined by ICD-9/-10 codes. If eGFR measurements are available, the models can be applied to estimate the risk of the clinical outcomes by matching the eGFR value with the respective CKD stage and setting it as yes/no in the models ...
Individuals with CKD experience substantial morbidity and mortality, including disproportionate rates of hospitalization, cardiovascular disease, mineral and bone disorders, anemia, metabolic acidosis, malnutrition, acute kidney injury, psychiatric illnesses, and reduced quality of life.2, 3, 4, 5, 6 In...