The meaning of CHROMOSOME is any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus of eukaryotes, are usually ring-shaped in prokaryotes (such as bacteria), and contain all or most of the gene
Sex-biased gene expression InC. elegans, genes with high female-biased expression (i.e. up-regulated in females as compared to males) are enriched on the X chromosome and genes with high male-biased expression are depleted43, but genes that show low levels of sex biased expression do not f...
In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins into a condensed structure called chromatin. This allows the very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus. The structure of chromosomes and chromatin varies through the cell cycle. Chromosomes are the essential unit for cellular divi...
alata chromosomes also show alternating A/B chromatin compartmentalization, as is demonstrated in several other plant species33. In D. alata, the gene-rich distal regions of each chromosome are generally spanned by open A domains (between gene density and A/B domain status, Pearson’s r =...
but the functional significance of many of the extreme long-range and interchromosomal interactions remains unclear. This review summarises our current understanding of how chromatin conformation can impinge on gene expression, the major questions that need to be addressed to understand this mor...
However, recent data suggest that the chromatin-mediated pathway does not play a significant role during the very early events of spindle assembly, when polarity is first established (Hornick et al., 2011). Vertebrate somatic cells and oocytes, as well as land plants all generate spindle ...
To identify whether gene expression regulated relevant metabolite synthesis, the correlation between the expression of PF-pathway-related genes and abundance of their downstream metabolites was investigated (Table S25). Green and yellow modules were significantly associated with the abundance of chalcones an...
(XX) is inactivated in females during early development to ensure equivalent X-linked gene expression in cells of animals from both sexes (i.e., dosage compensation effect) [9,12,16,17]. Therefore, understanding the genetic contributions of genes located on the X chromosome on the phenotypic ...
Chromosome-scale genome assembly of kiwifruit Actinidia eriantha with single-molecule sequencing and chromatin interaction mapping. GigaScience 8, giz027 (2019). Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Smit, A. F. A., Hubley, R. & Green, P. RepeatMasker Open v.4.0 http://www....
The X paralogue of each pair escapes X inactivation, implying a dose- sensitive relationship that requires both genes to be active.23 These genes are generally ubiquitously expressed and are understood to perform a variety of gene expression regulatory functions including chromatin modification, splicing...