Both experimental and theoretical electron densities in ionic basins imply that pressure is a driving force for charge transfer among ions. In theory, with pressures the electronegativity of elements (single atoms) decreases18. In a crystal, two competing processes may be considered. On one hand, ...
1.2 For many solid metals – as for example the elemental metals silver (Ag), copper (Cu), gold (Au), aluminium (Al), sodium (Na), tungsten (W) and platinum (Pt) - each atom releases just one electron. These electrons move quasi-freely through the metal. These charge carriers give ...
The new science of electromagnetism,the combination of electrical and magnetic phenomena, was developed further by workers in many countries. One of the best was Michael Faraday, a truly gifted experimenter with a talent for physical intuition and visualization. In the mid-19th century, James Clerk...
Organic electrochemical transistors rely on ionic-electronic volumetric interaction to provide a seamless interface between biology and electronics with outstanding signal amplification. Despite their huge potential, further progress is limited owing to
Charge transfer complexes have high molar absorptivities and are produced when one reagent is an electron donor (Lewis base) and the other is an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). Light absorption is based on an electronic transition from the donor to an associated orbital of the acceptor. As a...
The electron current density in the ETL (\({j^n}^{,E}\)) and hole current density in the HTL (\({j^p}^{,H}\)) can be expressed in an equivalent way. The carrier generation and bulk recombination terms are approximated to be linear on each interval, and to take the value at ...
Small value of conductive cation layer thickness—wCat. The lower the value, the denser the conductive layer and the stronger intermolecular integrals. This provides effective intermolecular electron transfer, increasing intralayer carrier mobility. Otherwise, a sparse ET-layer structure reflects presence ...
Above and below the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature, T KT , we compute the one-electron density of states N ( ω ) , the spin relaxation rate 1 / T 1 , as well as the imaginary and real part of the spin susceptibility χ ( q → , ω ) . The spin dynamics are ...
is also much lower than the electron mobility of common electronic transport layer materials (ZnO). One possible strategy to improve QLED performance is to improve the hole transport capability. However, there are still many challenges in developing the materials of the hole transport layer with ...
1b for indirect transitions (based on the data from Raman and absorption spectroscopy). Excited electron−hole pairs, in the proximity of the strained area, are funnelled towards the electrodes by the built-in energy gradient, giving an enhanced photoresponse13,18. For Vsd = 0 V, ...