Boundary Element Analysis Ofl-D Unsteady Convective-diffusion Equation With Radiant Heat Flux And Phase Change Moving InterfaceThe home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute collection, providing on-line access to papers presented at the Institute's prestigious international conferences and from its...
We live in a fast-changing world, which is why, in the 1990s, change management academics introduced complexity theory into the equation. They started to talk about dynamic or complex adaptive systems, and chaos thinking. The buzzwords were ‘participate’ and ‘renew’. Complexity theory focuses...
Heat conduction in the substrate is modeled using the finite-difference approach, while description of heat transfer and viscous flow in the film is based on the assumption of the large ratio of laser beam radius to film thickness and involves numerical solution of a partial differential equation ...
a,b, Fractional changes in fast (>99th percentile) 200 hPa jet stream winds averaged over the extratropics (20–60° latitude) normalized by the global mean change in surface air temperature for each model versus thermal wind (a; equation (1)) and moist thermal wind (b; equation (2))...
To evaluate the derivatives, we use UNESCO’s equation of state for seawater (Fofonoff and Millard 1983). The derivatives are evaluated from the 50-year-mean of the control run, and the changes in temperature and salinity, \(\triangle T\) and \(\triangle S\), calculated from differences...
In addition to flow equations it includes transport equation for scalars like temperature, moisture and passive pollutants Applied by Charles University, Prague 1.3Case Studies 1.3.1Projections of Climate Trends for Urban Areas in Central Europe Using WRF ...
The energy equation is formulated by taking into consideration both the heat absorption (or release) due to the phase change process and the conductivity enhancement induced by the motion of the particles. The heat source or heat generation function in the energy equation is derived from solutions...
The magnitude of R2 is calculated using the following equation: $${\mathrm{R}}^{2}=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\left({X}_{oi}-{\overline{X}}_{oi}\right)\left({X}_{mi}-{\overline{X}}_{mi}\right)}{[\sum_{i=1}^{n}({{{X}_{oi}-{\overline{X}}_{oi})}^{2}]}^{0.5...
The flux equation assumes that the turbulent diffusive flux is negligible and can be approximated by38Eq. (1): $$flux = \frac{1}{L}\mathop \smallint \limits_{0}^{\infty } \overline{u}_{z} (\overline{c}_{z,out} - \overline{c}_{z,in} ) dz$$ ...
From the above equation, it can be seen that a higher RH corresponds to a larger radius of curvature r. For most materials, if special adsorption phenomena such as chemisorption or solid swelling are not considered, at relatively small pressures, such as <30 %. The adsorption and desorption ...