One gene that is conserved between plants and animals and has a central role in deciding whether acellcontinues to divide or differentiates encodes the Retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. When activated, Rb represses genes required to replicate DNA, in addition to other less-well-characterised functions th...
And after the machinery has passed by, the nucleosomes are reassembled on the two resulting 'daughter' strands, which requires the addition of new histones.To make things more complicated, one of the two DNA strands can be replicated only in short pieces - called Okazaki fragments - that are...
Adenoviruses force quiescent cells to re-enter the cell cycle to replicate their DNA, and for the most part, this is accomplished after they express the E1A protein immediately after infection. In this context, E1A is believed to inactivate cellular proteins (e.g., p130) that are known to...
Concomitantly, we functionally interrogate their cellular vulnerabilities, using genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 and large-scale drug screens. Aneuploid clones activate the DNA damage response and are more resistant to further DNA damage induction. Aneuploid cells also exhibit elevated RAF/MEK/ERK pathway ...
Social sciences DNA What process do cells use to make copies of their DNA?Question:What process do cells use to make copies of their DNA?Nucleic Acids:Nucleic acids are the unique large molecules found within the cell and have vital importance in the cellular machinery of the cell. They ...
package. The nuclear mean gray value for S9.6 (>100 cells) was measured for each condition. Percentage of cells with more than 10 p-RPA32 foci was quantified. The results presented were obtained from three independent biological replicates; at least 100 cells were measured per replicate. ...
expressed, and some ineffective silencing does not reflect the role of these genes in the cell, while CRISPRa can cause all genes to be overexpressed. Second, the function of some proteins can be compensated by other genes, and even after silencing these genes, the cell can still replicate ...
During male meiosis, the Y chromosome can form perfect pairing with the X chromosome. However, it is unclear whether mammalian Female germline stem cells (FGSCs) without a Y chromosome can transdifferentiate into functional haploid spermatid-like cells (
DNA damage created during replication (replication stress) is a major cause of cancer, premature aging and a spectrum of other human disorders. Over the years, TRAIP E3 ubiquitin ligase has been shown to play a role in various cellular processes that govern genome integrity and faultless ...
DNA replication initiates from replication origins firing throughout S phase. Debate remains about whether origins are a fixed set of loci, or a loose agglomeration of potential sites used stochastically in individual cells, and about how consistent thei