In the small cell variant, the predominant neoplastic cell is small with clear cytoplasm (28). The nucleus has clumped chromatin, and frequent nuclear irregularities, resembling the horseshoe shaped nuclei of classical hallmark cells. The cells have distinct cytoplasmic membranes. Although in routine ...
The LC3 immunofluorescent staining in both cytoplasm and nucleus slightly increased after ATO treatment in NCI-H1975 cells (Fig. 2d). This increase became more significant when NH4Cl or bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) was added to block the protein degradation by proteases in lysosomes and in ...
The nuclear matrix is mainly composed of a protein framework (nuclear lamina), which is key to the organization of chromatin and nuclear function. The lamins are type V intermediate filaments (similar to those found in the cytoplasm) that have been specifically targeted to the nucleus. The polym...
White blood cells are subdivided into five parts, according to the nucleus and cytoplasm each part is differentiating from the other as shown in Fig. 3 [68]. So WBC nucleus segmentation is a basic requirement that is mostly done by color space conversion and the k-means clustering algorithm ...
1i). Of the three NF-κB subunits including RELA, RELB and c-Rel, all 3 patients expressed at least two subunits of NF-κB in both cytoplasm and nucleus (patient 3 was negative for c-Rel) (Fig. 1j-l), indicating the nuclear translocation and activation of the NF-κB pathway. Table...
Caspases are synthesized as inactive proenzymes, which upon activation cleave various substrates in the cytoplasm or nucleus. This leads to many of the morphologic features of apoptotic cell death, for example, polynucleosomal DNA fragmentation, loss of overall cell shape, and nuclear shrinking [22,...
maintaining the basal intracellular glucose level.(B)In glioblastomas, EGFR and EGFR vIII sequester the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member PUMA in the cytoplasm leading to tumour drug resistance.(C)EGFR and ERBB4 regulate gene expression by direct interaction with transcription factors in the nucleus...
differentiation process would have allowed the separation of the nucleus from the rest of the cell. Hardened membranes around the nucleus and the cell emerged as the result of the contact between two “phases”, i.e. the nucleus/cytoplasm or cytoplasm/environment, respectively. Although Schleiden ...
We found that, in the presence of bristles lacking the socket cell, surrounding epidermal cells can still upregulate the expression of Diap1-GFP and express neur > RFP, albeit in an aberrant position (Extended Data Fig. 4c). Conversely, however, in the presence of bristles lacking the ...
1a). The localization of PLAC8 in LC cells (H1299 and H322) was confirmed using immunofluorescence staining, and PLAC8 was localized in both the nucleus and cytosol of LC cancer cells (Fig. 1b and Fig. S2). Additionally, correlations between PLAC8 expression and the clinical outcomes of...