Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative disease, and pathological chondrocytes exhibit ATP and NADPH depletion20and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)21. Chondrocytes with an energy deficit exhibit decreased synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) protei...
For example, PKR is primarily a cytoplasmic protein and RNA back-splicing is a nuclear event. Are the intramolecular RNA duplexes in a circRNA folded immediately after back-splicing in the nucleus or later in the cytoplasm? If in the nucleus, what nuclear proteins are in association with a ...
The nuclear proteins, which include structural proteins of the matrix and lamina, RNA and DNA polymerases, and gene regulatory proteins, are synthesized in the cytoplasm and brought into the nucleus. Thus, nuclear proteins must pass the double-membrane barrier of the nuclear envelope. The transport...
Cells have been described under the microscope as organelles containing cytoplasm and the nucleus. However, an unnoted structure exists between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm of eukaryotic cells. In addition to the nuclear envelope, there exists a perinuclear region (PNR or perinucleus) with unkno...
The nuclear matrix is mainly composed of a protein framework (nuclear lamina), which is key to the organization of chromatin and nuclear function. The lamins are type V intermediate filaments (similar to those found in the cytoplasm) that have been specifically targeted to the nucleus. The polym...
Eukaryote, any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus. The eukaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane that surrounds the nucleus, in which the well-defined chromosomes (bodies containing the hereditary material) are located. Learn more abo
TIAM1 Antagonizes TAZ/YAP Both in the Destruction Complex in the Cytoplasm and in the Nucleus to Inhibit Invasion of Intestinal Epithelial Cells 结直肠癌中,WNT信号通路的激活是特征之一。科学家们发现,一种叫做TIAM1的蛋白能有效地抑制WNT信号通路效应蛋白TAZ与YAP,从而抑制结直肠癌的进展。有趣的是,这种...
Crisp M et al (2006) Coupling of the nucleus and cytoplasm: role of the LINC complex. J Cell Biol 172:41–53. doi:10.1083/jcb.200509124 Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Cuenca AA, Schetter A, Aceto D, Kemphues K, Seydoux G (2003) Polarization of the C. elegans ...
by generating a large volume in the nucleus with apparently no RNA polymerase II activity, the nucleolus creates a domain of retention/sequestration of molecules normally active outside the nucleolus. Viruses interact with the nucleolus and recruit nucleolar proteins to facilitate virus replication. The...
et al. The DEAD-box helicase Ded1 from yeast is an mRNP cap-associated protein that shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus. Nucleic Acids Res. 42, 10005–10022 (2014). CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Hauk, G. & Bowman, G. D. Formation of a trimeric Xpo1-Ran[GTP]-Ded...