The contribution of bystander memory CD8+Tcells to immune responses seems to be important in the context of infections such as COVID-19 and inflammatory diseases. However, whether memory CD4+ T helper cells also affect responses to heterologous infections had not previously been investigated....
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T cells in COVID-19 — united in diversity Leo Swadling Mala K. Maini Nature ImmunologyNews & Views07 Sept 2020 Nature Immunology(Nat Immunol) ISSN1529-2916(online) ISSN1529-2908(print) Sign up for theNature Briefingnewsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. ...
Here, we present single-cell transcriptomic analysis of >100,000 viral antigen-reactive CD4+ T cells from 40 COVID-19 patients. In hospitalized patients compared to non-hospitalized patients, we found increased proportions of cytotoxic follicular helper cells and cytotoxic T helper (TH) cells (...
1). Conventional CD4+ T cells (including thymic-derived FOXP3+ regulatory T cells) form the T helper (Th) cell lineage that expresses a T cell receptor (TCR) restricted for MHC class II, while T cells that express the CD8 coreceptor (formed by the CD8α and CD8β heterodimers) and a...
cells. Subsequently, under the combined stimulation from TCR signaling, APCs, and cytokines, the naïve CD4+T cells are fully activated and differentiated into distinct cell subsets, including T helper (Th) 1 cells, Th2 cells, Th9 cells, Th17 cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T ...
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cells16. This disruption had only a minor effect on autoantibody production but a much more pronounced effect on self-reactive CD8+and CD4+T cells. This finding for CD4+T cells was correlated with the large increase in follicular helper T (TFH) cells seen in mice deficient in CD8+Tregcells...
24 Furthermore, studies of lymphoid tissues suggest that apoptosis of CD4+ T cells in HIV-1–infected persons and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)–infected macaques occurs mainly in uninfected T-helper cells.5 We hypothesize that exposure to noninfectious HIV-1 particles induces type 1 IFN–...
Embodiments of the invention disclosed herein relate to methods and compositions for bypassing the involvement of CD4+ cells when generating antibody and MHC class I-restricted immune responses, controlling the nature and magnitude of the response, and promoting effective immunologic intervention in viral...