Human capital (HC) is an employee’s knowledge, skills, and experience, to name a few (Cabrita and Bontis2008; Johan Roos et al.1997; Weqar and Haque2020b). Structural capital (SC) is the non-tangible resources created and owned by a business, such as systems, databases, intellectual ...
Sources: Sala-i-Martin et al. (2011) and Bilodeau (2010). THE RISE OF CAPITAL MARKETS IN EMERGING AND FRONTIER ECONOMIES 7 As a rule, frontier markets lag behind emerging markets on many dimensions much more than the latter lag behind developed markets. Compared with frontier capital markets...
Individuals and communities may choose to establish conserv- ancies or sanctuaries for various social, environmental, and/or economic reasons such as: (1) upholding tradition and culture; (2) endangered species protection; and (3) diversification of income-generation. Before 2013, no legislation ...
For example, a weak rule of law increases the risk of expropriation of entrepreneurial returns, more so than of income from employment, shifting the balance of incentives in favour of employment. Hence, both commercial and social entrepreneurs are more common under strong constitutional-level ...
But there is a grave danger that the subject will develop along the line of least resistance, that the stream, so far from its source, will separate into a multitude of insignificant branches, and that the discipline will become a disorganized mass of details and complexities. In other words...
it has increasingly become clear that the entrepreneurial finance market has bifurcated as VC has retreated from start-up and small scale investments and angel investors, increasingly organised in groups rather than investing as individuals (Mason et al., 2019), have become ‘cradle to grave’ fund...
x. Financial Statement – refers to a written report which quantitatively describes the financial health of a company. This includes the following: balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity, cash flow statement and notes to financial statement. y. Stock Corporation – refers ...
income and wealth through extensive welfare-state arrangements such as seen in the Scandinavian countries [24]. For instance, Alan Wolfe argued that in societies where citizens are protected "from cradle to grave" by the state, civil society and norms of reciprocity or social capital are "...
their educational attainment. Four options were provided, ranging from “I am not exercising an occupation at present” to “I am occupied above my qualification level”. A total SES score ranging from 3 to 18 was computed as the aggregate of participants’ educational attainment, income and ...
We include the “Economic support index” created by the Oxford University tracker. This variable comprises two components. First, a measure of income support (E1Footnote7) indicates if the government provides direct cash payments to people who lose their jobs or cannot work. The second component...