Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recognized for their therapeutic potential in immune modulation and tissue repair, especially in veterinary medicine. This study introduces an innovative sequential stimul
Anti-inflammatory activity of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) isolated from conditioned medium of cAD-MSCs after sequential stimulation. The schematic diagram represents the protocol (A) and the concept (B) for determination of anti-inflammatory activity of sEVs using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induce...