Lung cancer arises in tissues of the lung, usually in the cells lining air passages. The two main types are small-cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, according to the shape of cells under a microsc
TAAs are also expressed in normal tissues, resulting in off-target side effects mediated by activated T cells or elimination of TAA-specific T cells through immune tolerance. In addition, the heterogeneous expression of TAAs in tumors leads to low effectiveness in the vaccine-mediated killing of ...
1 × 106 (volume 0.1 ml) 95C or 95D cells were intravenously injected into female NOD-SCID mice (6–7 weeks old). The cell-injected animals were housed under sterile conditions at Experimental Animal Facility of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Shanghai, China). The percentage of cancer ...
ThePap testis a simple procedure in which a small sample of cells is collected from thecervixand examined under a microscope. The American Cancer Society recommends screening for cervical cancer to begin approximately 3 years after a woman begins havingvaginal intercoursebut no later than 21 years ...
OCSCs, COC1, and SKOV3 cells on the underside of the membrane were counted using an inverted microscope. The average number of cells from three fields of view was calculated for each sample. Assessment of colony formation OCSC and COC1 cells were subjected to a colony formation evaluation ...
integrin+EpCAM+cancer cells, MD/PD-SCCs contained a mixture of epithelial α6-integrin+EpCAM+and mesenchymal α6-integrin+EpCAM−cancer cells, and PD/S-SCCs contained only mesenchymal α6-integrin+EpCAM−cancer cells (Fig.1a). To investigate the possible plastic nature of these cancer ...
Exosomes which are membrane vesicles released by cells have gained significant interest in the field of cancer therapy as a novel means of intercellular communication. Their role in immune activation and their pathophysiological functions in cancer therapy have been recognized. Exosomes carry diverse bioac...
Sputum cytology.You cough up somephlegm. A specialist looks at it under a microscope to spot cancer cells. Thoracentesis.Your doctor inserts a needle through your chest wall to take fluid that collects around your lungs. Thoracoscopy.Your doctor runs a small camera through a tiny cut to look ...
Primary culture refers to the stage of the culture after the cells are isolated from the tissue and proliferated under the appropriate conditions until they occupy all the available substrate (i.e., reach confluence). At this stage, the cells have to be subcultured (i.e., passaged) and tr...
Although scientists knew that cancer cells were normal cells transformed into unrulymavericks, the reasons for the transformation were unclear until Vogelstein took on the task of elucidating the life history of atumourcell. In 1982 Vogelstein set out to apply his laboratory expertise to the study ...