“This is one of those tautologies for which the answer is yes and no. As “virtual” particles they can mediate interactions, but never appear as observable particles in their own right, which allows them more flexibility, such as virtual photons not being massless or having ...
The advent of EUV may still mean that deep-UV lasers will continue to be employed. One approach is to use the lasers to produce a plasma that generates EUV photons. Farrar said that his company believes such a strategy will allow the power of the EUV source to be scaled up to the leve...
In this paper, we propose a simple method to simultaneously generate the entanglement between macroscopic objects (mechanical oscillators) and entanglement between microscopic objects (photons) based on a coupled cavity-optomechanical system. We show that when the cavity-optomechanical system works in the...
Q: Why does energy have to be positive (and real)? Q: How does the Twin Paradox work? Q: How can photons have energy and momentum, but no mass? Q: If you were on the inside of the Sun...
Entanglement of photons is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, which stands at the core of quantum technologies such as photonic quantum computing, communication, and sensing. An ongoing challenge in all these is finding an efficient and controll
It is the interference that slows the phase velocity through through the material; the individual photons continue to "move" at the speed of light,$c$, but the effective motion of the phase front is slowed. Richard Feynman devotes some time to this in his lectures onQED: The Strange Theory...
Some of these exotic particle candidates (such as e.g. axions, axion-like particles and hidden U(1) gauge bosons) may be very light, with masses in the sub-eV range, and have very weak interactions with photons. Correspondingly, these very weakly interacting sub-eV (WISPs) may lead to ...
This means the receiver can check the polarization of the photons and automatically detect if it has been intercepted in transmission. Hackers cannot break the system without being detected instantly. Some experts say this means the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) quantum protocol cannot be hacked. ...
Plank-Einstein Equation: The energy is conversed property since it can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be transformed. The energy of the photon is obtained by using the following relation E = hν h → Planck's constant = 6 .63 × 10 -...
Raman spectroscopy measures the energy shifts of scattered electrons relative to the energy of photons from a monochromatic light source, reflecting the chemical bonds within a sample. This generates a spectral fingerprint since the Raman shift correlates directly with the interacting molecules (which are...