Recent evidence also suggests that estrogen and progesterone levels act as a critical factor in the prognosis of traumatic brain injury. It has been confirmed that the decrease in 17β-estradiol (E2) level leads to an increase in brain damage, while in the proestrus period when the E2 level ...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. Causes of TBI range from motor vehicle accidents, falls, and community violence, to sports and workplace-related injuries. The annual global incidence of TBI is approximately 70 million [1], with lifetime risk es...
TBI neuropathology is commonly described as a 2-phase process. Little can be done to intervene pharmacologically during the first mechanical stage of the injury, but the secondary longer-lasting phase provides multiple potential therapeutic targets (neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction ...
Neuroinflammation and immune responses occurring minutes to hours after stroke are associated with brain injury after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), as a master coregulator of gene expression in mitochondrial biogenesis, was found to be transiently upregulated in mic...
Defined as a disruption in the normal function of a child’s brain that can be caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head, or a penetrating head injury, childhood TBIs often result in significant impairment in cognitive functions [1], particularly in executive functions (EFs) due to ...
memory formation, stress response plasticity, and reaction to brain injury in adults. These sex differences result from both hormonal and non hormonal sex-specific mechanisms of brain plasticity, which lead to a sex difference in the adaptive response of the brain to several types of injury, regar...
Traumatic brain injury: integrated approaches to improve prevention, clinical care, and research. Lancet Neurol. 2017;16(12):987–1048. Article PubMed Google Scholar Feigin VL, Theadom A, Barker-Collo S, Starkey NJ, McPherson K, Kahan M, Dowell A, Brown P, Parag V, Kydd R, et al....
MS has recently attracted the interest of numerous researchers [138] regarding the application of physical activity. In MS, there is an extrinsic BBB disruption pattern with the initial injury in the blood vessels, allowing T and B cells to cross the BBB [139] with the exudation of fibrin, ...
Thus, we were interested to measure IL-1β concentration in TBI in the peripheral blood and tried to confirm that a spillover from the CNS occurs in the first 2 days after injury and can be evaluated in a clinical setting. However, there was no statistical difference between IL-1β serum...
Since RN is a late poisonous reaction secondary to vascular endothelial injury, and its occurrence and development are based on the long-term survival of patients. Therefore, most reports focus on nasopharyngeal carcinoma and glioma after radiotherapy. In the past, the reported overall incidence of ...