网络自下而上;自下而上法;由下至上法 网络释义 1. 自下而上 ...的 Top-down approaches. 即自下而上(Bottom-up approaches)的分析方法 No regrets. 例如节能灯 节能不仅减少了能源消费 … www.docin.com|基于5个网页 2. 自下而上法 2.5.2自下而上法(Bottom-up Approaches)29-30 2.5.3 自上而下法...
2.Vocabulary and grammar(LANGUAGE语言维度) ***works in both Top-down and Bottom-up approaches*** (1)vocabulary a. A worksheet with multiple choice of vocabulary and possible meanings.(with books open, students can trace back to contexts to guess the meaning) b. A worksheet with gapped sent...
Bottom-up approaches consist, for example, 青云英语翻译 请在下面的文本框内输入文字,然后点击开始翻译按钮进行翻译,如果您看不到结果,请重新翻译! 翻译结果1翻译结果2翻译结果3翻译结果4翻译结果5 翻译结果1复制译文编辑译文朗读译文返回顶部 自下而上的方法包括,例如,...
Bottom-up approachesEnvironmental governanceGlobal SouthNetwork analysisSocial–ecological fitUrban lakesBottom-up approaches are often presented as a remedy to environmental governance problems caused by poorly aligned social institutions and fragmented ecosystems. However, there is a lack of empirical ...
Holloway's (1995, 1999) systems approach to supervision is reviewed as an example of a metatheoretical model that integrates bottom-up and top-down approaches. An exemplar of action research based on the Holloway model raises questions for consideration by transactional analysis supervisors.doi:...
Complementary 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' approaches to basal ganglia function. Recently, two quite different approaches exemplifying 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' philosophies have shed new light on basal ganglia function. In vitro work ... DJ Perkel,MA Farries - 《Current Opinion in Neurobiology...
The immobilization of three amino-尾-cyclodextrin derivatives on gold surfaces via different bottom-up approaches was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and surface plasmon resonance. Direct adsorption on gold and covalent attachment via amide bond formation with carboxylic groups of both the self-...
用手机看文档 下载 开通VIP TheJournalofRiskModelValidation(71 90)Volume5/Number1,Spring2011Reversestresstestswithbottom-upapproachesPeterGrundkeUniversityofOsnabru¨ck,Katharinenstrasse7,49069Osnabru¨ck,Germany;email:@,theneces-sityofwhichisemphasizedbybanks’,forregu-larstresstests,scenariosarechosenbased...
The bottom-up strategy is an alternative that has the potential to produce less waste and hence be more cost-effective (Fig. 5.11). It refers to the atom-by-atom, molecule-by-molecule, or cluster-by-cluster construction of a substance from the bottom-up. Many of these approaches are stil...
Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches to Implementation Research: a Critical Analysis and Suggested Synthesis This paper first reviews the implementation literature of the past fifteen years, with particular emphasis on the relative strengths and weaknesses of the ... Paul,A.,Sabatier - 《Journal of ...