bottom up and top down教学法 底向上教学法(bottom-up approach)是一种从具体事物出发,逐步递进地进行学习和教学的方法。在这种方法中,学习者首先掌握基础的知识和技能,然后逐步建立对更复杂、抽象概念的理解和应用能力。底向上教学法注重细节和具体情境的学习,强调学习的扎实和逐渐拓展知识结构。 顶向下教学法(top...
A bottom-up and top-down approach to using context in text recognition. Internat. J. Man-Machine Studies l l (2), 201-212.Shinghal, R., and G. T. Toussaint. "A Bottom-up and Top-down Ap- proach to Using Context in Text Recognition." International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, ...
第一,来解释下阅读教学的常用方法:bottom-up approach, top-down approach bottom-up:意味着从文本的最小单位(不理解的单词和句子)入手,先解决对于单词和句子意义的理解,再去学习文章要传达的内容。 top-down:先以阅读技巧(scan-扫读,skim-跳读)为工具,了解文章大意(gist),得知特定信息(specific information)和...
Top-down approach starts with a broad overview and breaks down into details; Bottom-up approach begins with individual components and builds upwards. Typically, use top-down for planning/design and bottom-up for implementation/testing. 1. 问题确认:问题明确询问两种方法的定义及使用方式,属于明确且有...
Bottom-Up Management The Pros and Cons of Bottom-Up Management Which Approach Should I Choose? Key Takeaways Top-Down Management What Is a Top-Down Approach? Adopting the top-down model is the most common business management style. It is the classic hierarchical structure where the owner or ...
Although logically we might expect that we ought to understand the plain sense if we are to understand anything else, in practice a reader continually shifts from one focus to another, now adopting a top-down approach t...
top-down and bottom up|金融英语 点击下面图片加入:VIP小程序 学习圈 Atop-downapproach seeks to understand the overall geo-political, economic, financial, social, and public policy environment and then project how the ...
History of the Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approach The development of the top-down and bottom-up approaches was a result of trial and error in managing, maintaining, and achieving success in a business. Although there are great differences in the two styles, both were created by developing a sy...
This article presents examples of action research as a "bottom-up" approach that involves and empowers supervisees. "Top-down" approaches are usually model specific and stem from the practice, theory, and philosophy of supervision espoused by a supervisor relative to the context in which the ...
Although logically we might expect that we ought to understand the plain sense if we are to understand anything else, in practice a reader continually shifts from one focus to another, now adopting a top-down approach to predict the probable meaning, then moving to the bottom-up approach to ...