bottom up and top down教学法 底向上教学法(bottom-up approach)是一种从具体事物出发,逐步递进地进行学习和教学的方法。在这种方法中,学习者首先掌握基础的知识和技能,然后逐步建立对更复杂、抽象概念的理解和应用能力。底向上教学法注重细节和具体情境的学习,强调学习的扎实和逐渐拓展知识结构。 顶向下教学法(top...
Holloway's (1995, 1999) systems approach to supervision is reviewed as an example of a metatheoretical model that integrates bottom-up and top-down approaches. An exemplar of action research based on the Holloway model raises questions for consideration by transactional analysis supervisors.doi:...
第一,来解释下阅读教学的常用方法:bottom-up approach,top-down approach bottom-up:意味着从文本的最小单位(不理解的单词和句子)入手,先解决对于单词和句子意义的理解,再去学习文章要传达的内容。 top-down:先以阅读技巧(scan-扫读,skim-跳读)为工具,了解文章大意(gist),得知特定信息(specific information)和细...
Each approach can be quite simple—the top-down approach goes from the general to the specific, and the bottom-up approach begins at the specific and moves to the general. These methods are possible approaches for a wide range of endeavors, such as goal setting,budgeting, and forecasting. In...
aBoth a bottom – up and a top-down approach to change have barriers 改变的一个由下往上和一个自上而下的方法有障碍[translate] aIt is only a simple of turning off a tap 它是只简单的关闭轻拍[translate] aBoth a bottom – up and a top-down approach have barriers to change 一个由下往...
老师您好,学完了Fix Income这门课,我发现Top-down approach实现从分析宏观经济形势入手,再细分行业sector,然后挑选优质的个股equity/bond,但是Bottom-up approach是先把相似credit risk或者发行人归为一类,然后从里面找到具有相对更高价值的个股,但是后者怎样体现Bottom-up(自下而上)呢?能不能再具体讲一讲这两种方法...
Although logically we might expect that we ought to understand the plain sense if we are to understand anything else, in practice a reader continually shifts from one focus to another, now adopting a top-down approach t...
When to use the Top-Down Approach? Scenario-based Example for Top-Down Approach What is a Bottom-Up Approach? How Does a Bottom-Up Approach Work? When to use the Bottom-Up Approach? Scenario-based Example for Bottom-Up Approach Key Differences of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches ...
Learn: What is top-down and bottom-up approach in programming languages? In this article we are going to learn programming approach with their advantages.1) Top-down approachIn this approach, a large project divides into small programs, and these programs are known as modules.C programming ...
Bottom-Up Management The Pros and Cons of Bottom-Up Management Which Approach Should I Choose? Key Takeaways Top-Down Management What Is a Top-Down Approach? Adopting the top-down model is the most common business management style. It is the classic hierarchical structure where the owner or ...