(a) What is the general function of lecithin within the bile? (b) Is bile acidic or alkaline? Explain. (a) Define bile. (b) What is its function? What is the importance of emulsification in lipid digestion? Describe how bile and pancreatic juice secretion into the small intestine are re...
88 Conjugated bile acids are also more soluble at acidic pH and more resistant to precipitation in the presence of high concentrations of calcium than unconjugated species.14 The net effect of conjugation is to maintain high intraluminal concentrations of bile acids to solubilize cholesterol and ...
The resistance to acidity prevents bile acids from precipitating from solution as the insoluble protonated acid in the duodenum, which is occasionally quite acidic. The resistance to high calcium concentrations prevents bile salts from precipitating from solution as the calcium salt during concentration ...
These include a thick layer of bicarbonate rich mucus overlying the luminal mucosal surface and secretion of digestive enzymes in the form of proenzymes that require intraluminal activation via an acidic pH (as in trypsinogen) or via other digestive enzymes (as in chymotrypsinogen, carboxypoly...
Viability of the microencapsulated strains in acid and bile juices and during 90 days of storage (seven and 25 °C) was evaluated. The two strains exhibited high encapsulation efficiency ( 86%) by spray drying. The different matrices maintained L. plantarum viability above six log CFU g−1...
Urine has the highest range of pH compared to other bodily fluids. The American Association for Clinical Chemistry says the normal urine pH range isbetween 4.5 and 8. Any pH higher than 8 is basic or alkaline, and any under 6 is acidic. A urine pH test is carried out as a part of ...
Intestinal metaplasia (IM) increases the risk of gastric cancer. Our previous results indicated that bile acids (BAs) reflux promotes gastric IM development through kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) activation. However, the u
Intestinal metaplasia (IM) increases the risk of gastric cancer. Our previous results indicated that bile acids (BAs) reflux promotes gastric IM development through kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) activation. However, the u
This hypothesis is supported by the bell-shaped correlation between hydrolytic activity and pH reported for CBAH in Fig. 4. In acidic conditions (i.e., pH < 5), the catalytic activity decreases as the fraction of the thiolate nucleophile decreases. On the other hand, in basic conditions, ...
et al. Acidic bile salts induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition via VEGF signaling in non-neoplastic Barrett's cells. Gastroenterology 156, 130–144 (2019). 21. Liu, X. et al. The membrane bile acid receptor TGR5 drives cell growth and migration via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 ...