The terminal bile acid carboxyl group is conjugated in the liver with glycine or taurine. One amide bond is formed and glycocholic and taurocholic acids are obtained (Fig. 12.8). These compounds are strongly hydrophilic and are more acidic (lower pKa) than unconjugated bile acids. They are ioni...
The molecule is transported to peroxisomes, where the side chain is truncated by β-oxidation and subsequently conjugated to glycine or taurine. In the alternative, or acidic, pathway, the oxidation of the cholesterol side chain occurs first, resulting in acidic intermediates, followed by sterol ...
Bile has many functions, but the three main ones are to aid in the digestion of fat, rid the body of waste, and act as a buffer to neutralize acidic compounds.What is Bile? Bile is defined as a greenish-yellow fluid that breaks down fat into fatty acids for absorption by the digestive...
This pathway primarily produces CA) and CDCA.On the other hand, the alternative pathway, known as the acidic pathway, converts cholesterol to CDCA with the help of CYP27A1 and CYP7B1 enzymes [128, 129]. Currently, artificial bear bile powder is primarily prepared using chemical compounding ...
China Introduction Bile acids (BA), cholesterol-derived acidic steroids, are synthesized from cholesterol mainly in liver, stored in gallbladder and secreted into the gastrointestinal tract to absorb nutrients postprandially, efficiently reabsorbed from the intestine and finally returned to the liver. Th...
In addition, solubility of BAs is increased in acidic milieu such as metabolic acidosis, which may reflect another factor for urinary cast formation and interstitial tubular damage [52]. BAs have directly vasoactive properties, inducing peripheral vasodilation via relaxing smooth muscle cells. Further...
Disturbances in fat digestion induced by acidic jejunal pH due to gastric hypersecretion in man. Gastroenterology, 58, 638 PubMed CAS Google Scholar Harkins, R. W., Hagerman, L. M. and Sarett, H. P. (1965). Absorption of dietary fats by the rat in cholestyramine-induced steatorrhea. ...
Pepsin digestion and dECM solubilization at acidic pH is often reported to be inefficient after 48 hours of digestion at room temperature, necessitating centrifugation to remove undigested (or under-digested) particles. These undigested pieces likely consist of dense structural proteins, the removal...
Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the third leading cause of cancer death in the world. Bile acids (BAs) are liver-produced amphipathic molecules that are required to facilitate the absorption of cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins, and lipids in the intestine. However, ...
88 Conjugated bile acids are also more soluble at acidic pH and more resistant to precipitation in the presence of high concentrations of calcium than unconjugated species.14 The net effect of conjugation is to maintain high intraluminal concentrations of bile acids to solubilize cholesterol and ...