Mangrove forests provide humans directly and indirectly with a range of goods and services including support for coastal and inland fisheries, flood control, breeding grounds for numerous birds and fuelwood. The global area of mangroves, dominated by sixty species, has been decreasing this century ...
The marine ecosystem refers to the aquatic ecosystem containing saltwater and harbors a range of species. This ecosystem is the vastest and the biggest ecosystem on earth. They not only embed the oceanic beds, but also the salt marshes, tidal zones, saltwater swamps, mangroves, coral reefs etc...
Nigeria, the Mariana Islands, the Society Islands of French Polynesia, Trinidad and Panama. It is classified as palm and has been declared as non-threatened palm in South East Asia. It thrives in mangroves areas in Jambi Province but underutilized. Various parts of nypa tree are utilized such...
First, to overcome the lack of consistent local SLR and socioeconomic projections across all the case studies considered (Box1), and deliver an innovative analysis of the potential benefits of additional adaptation in terms of SLR risk reduction, we develop a formal expert judgment approach (see ...
as mangroves, corals, saltmarshes and seagrass meadows currently protect hundreds of millions of people worldwide against storm surges and waves31,32. For example, under RCP8.5 by 2100, a 1 m loss in coral reef height would more than double the global area flooded during a 100-year event29...
Note: (a–d) are the spatial distribution characteristics of LUCC in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively; Woodland refers to forestry land where trees, shrubs, bamboo, and mangroves grow. It is divided into Dense, Shrubland, and Sparse according to the degree of closure. Grass refers ...