A before and after study design was used. Participants were children in their final year of primary school, aged 10-11 years at the start of the school year. Two representative class based surveys of children were undertaken in the same schools one year apart, with one before the legislation...
Strengths of the before and after study design: - It provides insight into the effects of an intervention within a specific context. - It allows researchers to assess changes in individual participants over time. - The study design can be used when randomization is not feasible or ethical. Lim...
We used a before-and-after study design to evaluate the impact of C4D activities. This study design allowed us to focus on changes in knowledge and vaccination coverage, while putting most of the available resources into the interventions. Surveys were conducted in participating townships before an...
The simplest way to evaluate an intervention is to compare outcomes before and after implementation of the intervention. This method is known as an uncontrolled before-after study. The term 'uncontrolled' is used to distinguish this design from a controlled before-after study in which the before-...
Materials and Methods Study design and setting We performed a pharmacoepidemiological nationwide quasi-experimental controlled before-after study using data from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD). NorPD contains individual data on all prescriptions dispensed since 2004 to the entire Norwegian popu...
摘要: Before- and after-school programs (BASPs) offer an excellent opportunity for children to...关键词: Physical Activity Level Physical Activities After School Programs Health Promotion Administrator Role Team Sports Clubs Transportation DOI: 10.1080/07303084.2012.10598792 被引量: 8 ...
Design Survey of all food stores in the study area before and after the changes were implemented. Setting Two low-income neighborhoods in Philadelphia, 1... Amy,Hillier,and,... - 《Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior》 被引量: 75发表: 2012年 ...
Study design A randomized controlled trial comparing TDR and instrumented lumbar spine fusion, performed either as a PLF or PLIF. Patient sample One hundred fifty-two patients were included in this randomized controlled trial to compare the effect on CLBP of either TDR via an anterior ...
DESIGN: Mas... Goodman,N Steven - 《Annals of Internal Medicine》 被引量: 936发表: 1994年 Effect of Haemostatic Control Resuscitation on mortality in massively bleeding patients: a before and after study Background and Objectives Evidence supporting the use of platelets and plasma in resuscitation...
Also, four professors from engineering and science programs were interviewed to find out what each science practice means to them. The research design of this study was mixed methods that combined quantitative and qualitative research approaches into a single study. In this study, two teachers were...