RNAP-SNAP was labeled with the DY-549 dye, yielding RNAP549, as follows: 20 μL of 15 μM RNAP-SNAP was dialyzed into 3 L of labeling buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 40 mM KCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 20 μM ZnCl2, and 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT)) at 4 °C ...
pH 7.7, 200 mM NaCl, 5% glycerol, 2 mM EDTA, 2 mM DTT, 0.1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and protease inhibitor cocktail (Biomake.com Inc.)) and lysed using a cell disrupter (Avestin EmulsiFlex-C3).
The membranes also catalyzed an ADP-radioactively labeled inorganic orthophosphate exchange. The specific activity of the enzyme in the soluble fraction of of the cell was at least 10 times less than that in the membranes. Isolated ribosomes were devoid of the enzyme. The role of polynucleotide ...
pneumoniae indicates that the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, pneumolysin (PLY), and the bacterial cell capsule play critical roles in the pathogenesis of the disease, as bacteria deficient in either of these factors are not as pathogenic as the wild-type strains [4,5,6,7]. Nevertheless, ...
Heart graftsare placed orthotopically and, for obvious reasons, always come from heart-beating deceased donors. Surgicalanatomydoes not predisposeheart transplantrecipients to higher risk of infectious complications, as the heart graft does not come into contact with the environment. However, the surgica...
Viruses can only reproduce inside a living cell. Viruses that specifically infect bacteria are called bacteriophages (i. e., they can... Learn more about this topic: Virus Structure, Anatomy & Function from Chapter 9/ Lesson 1 225K
1 Â 106 carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)–labeled T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic T cells were adoptively transferred into wild-type and TLR5-deficient mice and the following day were immunized with different doses of ovalbumin (OVA; 1–100 mg) or flagellin (100 pg to 100 mg...
The hemes are labeled Full size image Fig. 3 Detailed views of OmcS model within densities. a Hemes (in this case Heme503) are coordinated by histidine residues from above and below. b OmcS has few secondary structural motifs, but when present, they are well ordered and easily visible, as...
Interestingly, by imaging fluorescently labeled flagellar filaments of GFP-tagged E. coli cells45, we found that the flagellar bundle of cells colliding with the edge of a suspension drop did not change its orientation with respect to the cell body throughout the turning process (Supplementary ...
Multiple cell populations labeled with multi-color NIR FPs can be separated in tissue cultures and in living mice using a linear spectral unmixing [10]. Excellent spectral compatibility of GFP-like FPs and NIR FPs allowed visualization and quantification of tumors both in vivo and ex vivo, as ...