Beginning from a cellular model of growth with learning by doing, in which long-lasting dichotomization is observed, trade is introduced in order to investigate the implications of spread and backwash effects. The trade network is initialized as a random Boolean network. Each "agent" shops ...
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Spread and backwash effectUrban hierarchyRural growthChinaChen A. and Partridge M. D. When are cities engines of growth in China? Spread and backwash effects across the urban hierarchy, Regional Studies. China's remarkable growth has an urban bias, but it is unclear whether it has greatly ...
backwash effect反溅效果;出口畸形发展效应 双语例句 用作名词(n.) The backwash of the passing boat took us a surprise. 那艘经过的船造成的回浪让我们措手不及。 Famine is not the only backwash of drought in Africa. 在非洲,饥荒并非干旱带来的唯一后果。
Chen A. and Partridge M. D. When are cities engines of growth in China? Spread and backwash effects across the urban hierarchy, Regional Studies. China's remarkable growth has an urban bias, but it is unclear whether it has greatly disadvantaged particular regions. To assess this question, ...
Special Economic Zones and the Selection of China's Path for Institutional Changes "backwash effect", the "spread effect" and the "trickle-down effect" in the traditional theory of regional economics by the "Chinese" mechanism in a "non-classical" manner, and interpret the unique path of ...
To evaluate the effect of the backwash interval on bacterial activity and growth in BAC filters, two BAC filters were operated at different backwash intervals. Because of the aforementioned advantages, FCM and ATP measurements were employed to quantify bacterial activity using two parameters, i.e.,...
Assessing the Merits of the Urban-Led Policy in China: Spread or Backwash Effect?doi:10.3390/SU10020451Shu-hen ChiangMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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However, a local input–output model is applied to find that the backwash effect is stronger than the spread effect in the case of the Washington economy [25]. Moreover, by additionally using the employment–population model, the county growth model of [6] is extended to divide metropolitan ...