Beginning from a cellular model of growth with learning by doing, in which long-lasting dichotomization is observed, trade is introduced in order to investigate the implications of spread and backwash effects. The trade network is initialized as a random Boolean network. Each "agent" shops ...
Spread and backwash effectUrban hierarchyRural growthChinaChen A. and Partridge M. D. When are cities engines of growth in China? Spread and backwash effects across the urban hierarchy, Regional Studies. China's remarkable growth has an urban bias, but it is unclear whether it has greatly ...
The spread-backwash conceptReduced backwash volume processThe backwash effect: from testing to teachingSPENT filter backwash water CONTAMINANTS AND TREATMENT STRATEGIESIleitis in Ulcerative Colitis: Is It a Backwash?Growth Pole Spillovers: the dynamics of backwash and spreadGeomorphological effects of tsunami...
Chen A. and Partridge M. D. When are cities engines of growth in China? Spread and backwash effects across the urban hierarchy, Regional Studies. China's remarkable growth has an urban bias, but it is unclear whether it has greatly disadvantaged particular regions. To assess this question, ...
The spread-backwash concept Reduced backwash volume process The backwash effect: from testing to teaching SPENT filter backwash water CONTAMINANTS AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES Ileitis in Ulcerative Colitis: Is It a Backwash? Growth Pole Spillovers: the dynamics of backwash and spread ...
The spread-backwash concept Economic growth poles remain an important concept in regional development policy analysis. Recent attention has focused for example on the emergence and pr... HW Richardson 被引量: 6发表: 1976年 Growth Pole Spillovers: the Dynamics of Backwash and Spread Growth pole spi...
In addition, the backwashing of BAC filters, which is accomplished by applying water and/or air in an up-flow manner through a biofilter, causes a loss of biomass [6], [7]. However, studies that closely assess the effect of backwash intervals on the bacterial attachment and growth during ...
Special Economic Zones and the Selection of China's Path for Institutional Changes "backwash effect", the "spread effect" and the "trickle-down effect" in the traditional theory of regional economics by the "Chinese" mechanism in a "non-classical" manner, and interpret the unique path of ...
Assessing the Merits of the Urban-Led Policy in China: Spread or Backwash Effect?doi:10.3390/SU10020451Shu-hen ChiangMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
However, this may not be a formal reference on the grounds that a positive correlation between the central city and the suburb can be explained by the spread effect "from the central city to the suburbs" or "from the suburbs to the central city". For these reasons, the only solution is...