Martinez, AC, Coutinho, A (1981) B cell activation by helper cells is a two-step process. Nature 190: pp. 60-60Martinez-Alonso, C. & Coutinho, A. ( 1981 ) B cell activation by helper cells is a two-step process . Nature 290 , 60 ....
Activation and Differentiation B-cell activation is a dynamic process that leads to antibody class-switching, somatic hypermutation, and plasma cell differentiation. Upon BCR engagement or CD40/interleukin-4 (IL-4) stimulation, activated B cells expand in cell size [23,31–35] and increase the ov...
B激活细胞B细胞激活Cell细胞的与分化andcellscell 系统标签: activationdifferentiation激活细胞generation分化 Bcellgeneration,activationand differentiation Date:2006-05-11 Venue:NationalYangmingUniversity Speaker:MeichiHsu Bcells •Whatdoes“B”standfor? •WheredoestheBcellprogenitorarisefrom? •Whatarethechar...
BCR and B Cell Activation The BCR onB cellsis formed through V(D)J DNA rearrangements, much like the process described forTCRformation. The BCR consists of two heavy and two light chain subunits, both of which have a variable region that is created through recombination (Figure 5). There ...
B cells are activated by two temporally distinct signals, the first provided by the binding of antigen to the B cell antigen receptor (BCR), and the second provided by helper T cells. Here we found that B cells responded to antigen by rapidly increasing their metabolic activity, including bot...
Through computer modeling, we are able to explain these puzzles if we make an additional (novel) hypothesis about the rate of endocytosis of B-Cell receptors. The first puzzling result we can explain is why there is no activation for low valence (less than 10-20). The second is why the...
Antigen-dependent diversity is generated by somatic hyper-mutation in the periphery in a manner dependent on activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). During this process, mutations in the Ig genes are accumulated at a rate of up to 106 tim...
Therefore, IFN-alpha modulates the B-cell stimulatory potential of T cells by interfering with the T-cell activation process. In contrast, IFN-alpha neither acted on B cells directly nor on already activated T cells, because it did not suppress B-cell differentiation induced by T cells pre...
They need the splenic environment to complete this maturation process. Immigrant splenic maturing B cells pass through a series of transitional stages, which balance responses between B-cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis family (BAFF) and its receptor, BAFF-R, with activation of the BCR...
B cells are prominent components of human solid tumours, but activation status and functions of these cells in human cancers remain elusive. Here we establish that over 50% B cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibit an FcγRIIlow/− activated ph