The first signal required for B-cell activation is delivered through its antigen receptor (top panel). For thymus-dependent antigens, the second signal is delivered by a helper T cell that recognizes degraded fragments of the antigen as peptides bound to MHC class II molecules on the B-cell ...
HUMAN malignant B cell tumors arise from a proliferation of a single clone of cells.1,2 The immunoglobulin (Ig) that is expressed and in some cases secreted by the tumor cells is limited to the expression of one single VHand VL region, and to a single light chain. The unique variable ...
In this work, we compare the single-cell transcriptome of tumor-infiltrating immune cells between the two molecular subtypes of lung cancer and seek key cell subsets and their molecular features associated withEGFRmutation. We find that B cells, CXCL13-producing follicular helper CD4+T (TFH)-like...
8A). Moreover, PB administration could also lead to a significant decrease for the expression of RORγt mRNA in the draining lymph nodes of NC/Nga mice (Fig. 8B). Figure 8 Inhibition of PB on RORγ-mediated Il17 promoter activation. (A) Human T cell derived Jurkat cells were obtained...
(cat# 130-096-535, Miltenyi Biotec). Next, the isolated CD3+T cells were stimulated for 48 h with the human T cell activation/expansion kit (cat# 130-091-441, Miltenyi Biotec) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. For this process, the T cells were cultured in X-VIVO...
Here we report active T cell–dependent and T cell–independent IgM-to-IgD class switching in B cells of the human upper respiratory mucosa. This process required activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and generated local and circulating IgD-producing plasmablasts reactive to respiratory bacteria...
Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)-expressing Treg cells are a potent mediator of peripheral immune tolerance and suppress a wide range of immune cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, B cells, and antigen presenting cells, through suppression of target cell activation, proliferati...
Raji cells and PBMCs were washed twice with PBS containing 1% BSA and divided into EP tubes. RPMI 1640 medium was used to adjust the total number of cells per tube to 1 × 106. In the experimental group, FITC-anti-CD20/CD3 BsNb was added to the Raji cell group, PBMC group, and Ra...