As we mentioned, DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle, before the cell enters the M phase and divides. You might be surprised to read that although the chromosomal DNA must be unwound during S phase to permit access by the DNA replication machinery, it becomes highly...
We stress that divergence across a continuum need not be uniform and gradual (Fig.1). In fact, key questions remain concerning the conditions under which the speciation process is expected to be gradual versus more stepwise. For example, sudden transitions from weak to strong divergence might be...
One Hsp, which was upregulated under HS belonging to the HSP70 family, was downregulated under CS. Under HS, five of the eight genes encoding HSPs had a greater than three-fold increase in expression, indicating that they might have a vital role in protein processing and heat tolerance in ...
Given that other recent reviews have provided thorough overviews of the mechanisms by which CMV might be vertically transmitted115,116,117, here we provide a more focused overview. CMV has been shown to infect trophoblasts, but with substantial gestational age-related differences in infectivity28. G...
Increases in certain fitness parameters such as survival and development time during short-duration experiments might be trivial compared to changes in planthopper biomass (particularly among females) and egg-laying during population development. This was borne out in the screenhouse and field experiments...
Each level of the HPO axis is tightly regulated but can be modulated to affect reproductive status [1]. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive-endocrine disorder affecting 2–20% of women of reproductive age worldwide [2], characterized by insulin resistance, androgen excess,...
[62]. We suggest that the occurrence of this ~90-kb block is the result of the reintegration of an extrachromosomal circular DNA fragment (eccDNA) replicated by rolling circle replication [77] perhaps at the time of the inversion generation (when DSBs were available). This hypothesis explains ...
Clamp loaders are pentameric ATPases of the AAA+ family that operate to ensure processive DNA replication. They do so by loading onto DNA the ring-shaped sliding clamps that tether the polymerase to the DNA. Structural and biochemical analysis of clamp l
These inter-individual differences in therapeutic response might, in part, reflect the extent of antenatal developmental neuropathologic changes that can result from SMN protein deficiency during fetal life29,30,31,32. Nevertheless, timely administration of SMN gene replacement prevents the rapid clinical...
In yeast, mammals and Arabidopsis, the CDC5 proteins can bind to specific DNA sequences in vitro; therefore, CDC5 might serve as a transcription factor to regulate mitotic entry [21-25]. The CDC5 protein has also been proved to be a crucial component of the spliceosome, and it is ...