A plasmid is usually a circular (sometime linear), double strandad DNA, that can replicate itself autonomously. These are found in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell, plasmids normally remain separated from the chromosome, but sometimes may integrate in
hybrid plasmids capable of transforming bacteria and yeasts.these plasmids carry the gene cm (chloramphenicol resistance gene) and tc (tetracycline resistance) as a selection marker.the gene cm allows selection of plasmids in strains of yeast saccharomyces cerevisae, inter alia.ct is used to select...
秦汉时期，漕运为东西方向，黄河中下游的关中、山东一带为农业经济发达之区，漕粮通过黄河、渭河由东向西运抵长安；唐代，朝廷逐渐把漕运重点放在南方，漕运线路也由秦汉时期的东西向呈现出东南、西北向的变动。宋代以后，南方经济崛起并日益成为王朝依赖的物资供应区，所以唐宋期间，漕运逐渐转变为东南、西北方向，并由...
aFurthermore, it is known that alleles of tet(M) are present in a broad range of bacteria, and their transfer is presumably mediated by conjugative transposons Tn916, Tn1545, and Tn5251 and large conjugative plasmids. 此外,它知道tet (M)等位基因是存在细菌的一个宽广的范围,并且他们的调动由con...
The common feature of all these phenomena is that the microorganisms are embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The production of EPS is a general property of microorganisms in natural environments and has been shown to occur both in prokaryotic (Bacteria, Archaea) and ...
BacterialDNAfloats freely within bacterial cells in a twisted, thread-like mass called the nucleoid. Some also have separate, circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. According to theMicrobiology Society, plasmids often contain genes that give bacteria a survival edge, such as genes conveying antibioti...
(that is, containing a single or multiple linkage types within the same Ub chain, respectively) can be formed1. K48 and K63 linkages are the most abundant linkage types found in cells2. Homotypic K48-linked Ub chains primarily have degradative roles by marking substrates for proteasomal ...
What bacteria have thick peptidoglycan cell walls? When a specimen is submitted to the lab for bacterial culture, a Gram stain of that specimen may be done. What in addition to microorganisms, might be detected on the slide? Which plasmids are present...
Plasmids of the IncP-1β group have been found to be important carriers of accessory genes that enhance the ecological fitness of bacteria, whereas plasmids of the PromA group are key agents of horizontal gene transfer in particular soil settings. However, there is still a paucity of knowledge...
Cells sense physical forces and convert them into electrical or chemical signals, a process known as mechanotransduction. Whereas extensive studies focus on mechanotransduction at the plasma membrane, little is known about whether and how intracellular o