the Transpolar Drift (TPD) and Beaufort Gyre (BG) (dashed blue arrows). The dashed pink line outlines the region of the last ice area (LIA) that lies within the Arctic Ocean proper. The trend in sea-ice concentration
In this paper, we compare the behavior of the ice cover over the two winters and discuss these observations in the context of large-scale ice motion and atmospheric-pressure patternKwokRonAnnals of GlaciologyKwok, R., Arctic sea-ice area and volume production: 1996/97 versus 1997/ 98, Ann....
the Transpolar Drift (TPD) and Beaufort Gyre (BG) (dashed blue arrows). The dashed pink line outlines the region of the last ice area (LIA) that lies within the Arctic Ocean proper. The trend in sea-ice concentration
Arctic sea ice area (SIA) has been declining rapidly throughout the year during recent decades with a steeper decline since 2000. Based on a model selection approach applied to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) models, Notz et al.1 projected that the Arctic Ocean will beco...
sea ice) of at least 15%, the whole surface area of the grid cell, 625 square km is added up to the total extent number. For sea ice area the surface area of every grid cell that is covered with sea ice is added to the total, except grid cells that have an ice concentration ...
Hemispheric results for sea ice areas exhibit the same 2.8%/decade decrease as for ice extents and hence a lower absolute decrease (29,500±3800 km2/yr), with the ice-free area within the ice pack correspondingly decreasing at 4800±1600 km2/yr. Confidence levels for the trends in ice ...
However recently, the region ischaracterized by seasonal ice cover and large areas are now completely melt away in summer.The sea ice extentis defined as the total area covered by at least 15% of ice, and varies from year to yearbecause of changeable weather. However, ice extent has shown...
Based on the above analysis of Arctic SIC, the periods 1990–1999 and 2007–2016, which correspond to high and low Arctic sea ice area, respectively, are identified as high-ice and low-ice phases for the comparative analysis. The Arctic SIC in September for the two phases and their differe...
It can be considered a "physical map of the Arctic Ocean" as it shows the bathymetry, ridges and basins that are part of this important area. The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean was produced by investigators representing the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), the...
Observed Arctic sea ice losses are a sentinel of anthropogenic climate change. These reductions are projected to continue with ongoing warming, ultimately leading to an ice-free Arctic (sea ice area <1 million km2). In this Review, we synthesize