The effect of the record minimum in Arctic sea ice area during the summer of 2002 is seen in the lowest area of surviving FY ice of the three summers. In addition to the spatial coverage, the location of the PIZ is important. One consequence of the unusual location of the PIZ at the ...
In the Arctic Ocean, the sea-ice cluster is consistently projected by the models to shrink in the future as the sea-ice cover declines under global warming scenarios. In the SSP585 scenario, notably, the Arctic Ocean becomes ice-free in the summer from 2050 onwards66. Along the Antarctic, ...
In the NH and SH high latitudes, the significant SAO region is located at the Antarctic Ocean (85∘°E–150∘°E) around 60∘°S and around 60∘°W–60∘°E from the North Atlantic Ocean (60∘°N) to the Arctic Ocean (80∘°N), whose area is much smaller than that ...
summer minimum in the high latitudes (Fig.1). However, in the Arctic, today’s broad summer minimum in the monthly anomaly ofpCO2, that is, relative to the annual mean and denoted aspCO2′
Carbon dioxide sources from Alaska driven by increasing early winter respiration from Arctic tundra. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 114, 5361–5366, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1618567114. Google Scholar Cooper et al., 2017 Mark D.A. Cooper, Cristian Estop-Aragonés, James P. Fisher, Aaron Thierry, Mark ...
We now compare the annual components of sea ice extent NHSI (Figure 7) and SHSI (Figure 8) with those of 𝑚1m1 and lod, in particular, their phases (Table 1). In the case of the northern hemisphere (Arctic), variations in sea ice extent are almost in phase with the lod and in...
For improved understanding and prediction of these inter-annual fluctuations in ice area, cloud forcing effects on surface energy budgets must be seen as an important factor for ice growth and melt. For example, the significant rebound of arctic sea ice from the record minimum of September 2012 ...
The following assumptions are not realistic, but let’s assume that LTO resources (except in the Arctic and Antarctic) worldwide are extracted at similar rates to what the US has experienced from 2010 to 2015, from 2020 until they are no longer profitable. We will assume real oil prices in...
-west India, 15–17.5°N, 72.5–75°E; • Northern Australia, 12.5–15°S, 130–132.5°E. (B) Ocean: ∘, North Atlantic, 45–50°N, 20–25°W; • Arctic Ocean, 80–90°N. The observations in the Arctic Ocean were made from drifting stations established on perennial sea ice...
Icethicknessmultipleregressiongeneralizedleastsquares[1] Naval submarines have collected operational data of sea-ice draft (93% of thickness) in the Arctic Ocean since 1958. Data from 34 U.S. cruises are publicly archived. They span the years 1975 to 2000, are equally distributed in spring ...